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* When an online reference work is continuously updated and the versions are not archived, use “n.d.” as the year of publication and include a retrieval date . Example:
May 16, 2024 · Do not use the copyright date from the website footer: only use a date that applies to what you are citing. If there is an updated date, use that instead of the original date. Do not include a date of last review (APA, 2020, p. 290). See 9.16 Retrieval Dates (APA, 2020, p. 290).
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Feb 23, 2022 · Most references do not require retrieval dates. Include a retrieval date only when (a) a work is inherently designed to change over time (e.g., a Facebook profile page) and (b) you are citing an unarchived version of the work, as described in Section 9.16 of the Publication Manual. Do not include both a DOI and a URL in a reference entry.
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Chicago Citation Guide. This is a basic guide to the Chicago style of citation. For more in-depth information, please see: • Chicago Manual of Style (17th ed) - The Chicago Manual of Style requires either 1) footnotes and a bibliography or 2) in-text author-date citations and reference list. These examples are for footnotes and a bibliography.
- In-Text Citations
- In-Text Citations
- Secondary Sources
- EXAMPLES OF REFERENCES
- What is a DOI?
- For articles with a DOI
- For articles without a DOI
- Print Books
- EBooks
- Courseware
- Webpages and Websites
- Government Publications
- Indigenous Elders and Knowledge Keepers
- (Darabont, 1994)
- (Waititi, 2010, 8:31-9:47) - when quoting directly
• Have been simplified. All in-text citations with three or more authors are shortened to the name of the first author plus “et al.”
o References in APA style are cited in the text with an author-date format.
A secondary source is an indirect quote, i.e. a source quoted within another source. Cite a secondary source only when you have not examined or used the original source.
You may not always find guidelines or examples specific to the kind of source you want to cite. Keep in mind that the intent of the reference list is to give enough information for the reader to locate the works. Do the best you can, and make sure the format of all your references is consistent. When in doubt, err on the side of more rather than fe...
A DOI is a unique alpha-numeric code given to individual online works. It can be found in the database record or on the first page of the journal article. Format DOIs as hyperlinks (i.e., beginning with “https:”) as in: https://doi.org/xxxxx
If the article has a DOI, include the DOI in the reference. Start with publication information formatted as if it is a print source and add the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) at the end of the citation. When citing a full-text journal article obtained from most academic research databases (e.g., CINAHL, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect), do not include ...
If the journal article has no DOI and is from most library databases, end the reference after the page range. The reference in this case is the same as for a print journal article. Do not include database information. A small number of academic research databases publish original work that is only available there. In those cases, do name the data...
Notes: Capitalize the first word in the title, the first word in the subtitle, and all proper nouns. Omit place of publication. If the author is the same as the publisher omit the publisher. Basic Format Author, A. A. (YEAR). Title of work: Subtitle of work (edition). Publisher.
Include a DOI for all works that have a DOI. If an online work has both a DOI and a URL, include only the DOI. For ebooks without DOIs from most library databases (e.g. Gale Virtual Reference Library, Proquest Ebook Central, Safari Books Online) do not include a URL or database information. For works without DOIs from websites (not including libr...
Reproduced material in Courseware If the material in the courseware is reproduced from another source without any changes, cite that source directly. For example, if a journal article is reproduced in courseware, cite the journal article like a regular journal article; do not explain in the reference that it was reproduced in courseware. Basic Form...
When citing a web document, list as many of the following elements as are available: author’s name, publication date (or “n.d.” if no date can be found), webpage/article title (usually in italics), website name, and URL. When a web document consists of multiple web pages, provide a URL that links to the entry page of the document. Give your retriev...
Note regarding group authors: When the publisher is the same as the author, which is often the same for group authors, omit the publisher from the source. Use the most specific agency as the author for government documents. The names of parent agencies (such as names of provinces or government ministries) can appear as publisher. Agencies listed ...
In the spirit of reconciliation, Indigenous scholar and instruction librarian Lorisia MacLeod, NorQuest College Indigenous Student Centre staff, and NorQuest's Elder in Residence have developed templates to help researchers cite Indigenous Knowledge Keepers in a good way. Unlike other personal communications, Elders and Knowledge Keepers are cite...
NOTE: Provide the director as author followed by (Director).W Online Videos (YouTube, TED Talk, etc.)
NOTE: Use the name of the account that uploaded the video as the author. If the account did not create the work, then explain this in your text. Television Series
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Aug 20, 2024 · Additionally, include a retrieval date when the page's content is likely to change over time (like, for instance, if you're citing a wiki or blog that is publicly edited). Format: Title of page . (Year, Month Date).
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Most references do not include retrieval dates. Examples of some that do are in Chapter 10 of the Publication Manual and on the reference examples page. When a retrieval date is needed, use the following format for it.
