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1. www.nrcs.usda.gov › soils › spodosolsSpodosols - Natural Resources Conservation Service

   www.nrcs.usda.gov › soils › spodosols

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   Orthods. Orthods are the relatively freely drained Spodosols that have a moderate accumulation of organic carbon in the spodic horizon. They are most extensive in the Northeastern United States and the Great Lakes States. Most Orthods are used as forest or have been cleared and are used as cropland or pasture.

2. www.sciencedirect.com › spodosolSpodosol - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

   www.sciencedirect.com › spodosol

   Scanning electron micrograph of silicate particles collected on 0.1-μm Nucleopore filter from soil solution obtained below the Bs horizon of a Spodosol, Washington Cascades. Circle A encloses a diatom, circle B, a spherical siliceous particle. Scale bar 10 μm (×450). (Reproduced with permission from Ugolini FC, Dawson HJ, and Zachara J (1977 ...

3. www.sciencedirect.com › spodosolSpodosol - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

   www.sciencedirect.com › spodosol

   The delineation of Vertisols in soil taxonomy is based on four essential properties: (1) absence of a lithic or paralithic contact, petrocalcic horizon, or duripan within 50 cm of the surface, (2) containing 30% or higher clay in all subhorizons to a depth of 50 cm or more after the soil has been mixed to a depth of 18 cm, (3) developing cracks to 50 cm depth and have at least 1 cm wide and ...

4. soils.uga.edu › files › 2016A Key to Common Diagnostic Horizons in Soil Taxonomy

   soils.uga.edu › files › 2016

   4. % base saturation ≥50% by NH4OAc sum of bases method; 5. Organic carbon ≥0.6% (organic matter ≥1.0%) throughout horizon; 6. Some part of the epipedon is moist for 90 days or more (cumulative) in normal years during times when the soil temperature at a depth of 50 cm is 5 o C or higher, if the soil is not irrigated; AND 7. Thickness is—

5. colbydigssoil.com › 22 › the-soil-orders-spodosolsThe Soil Orders – Spodosols – Colby Digs Soil

   colbydigssoil.com › 22 › the-soil-orders-spodosols

   Oct 22, 2012 · Left: A Spodosol soil profile. Right: Native vegetation over Spodosols. Photo courtesy of soilscience.info This is the third of a series of blog posts where I will describe some of the interesting features of each of the 12 soil orders in Soil Taxonomy – the soil classification system developed for the US by the United States Department of Agriculture.

6. link.springer.com › chapter › 10Entisols, Vertisols, Spodosols, and Histosols | SpringerLink

   link.springer.com › chapter › 10

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   Apr 7, 2022 · Vertisols either have a cambic horizon (78%) averaging 101 ± 41 cm or lack a diagnostic subsurface horizon (22%). Spodosols have an ochric epipedon averaging 18 cm over an albic horizon averaging 13 ± 9.2 and a spodic horizon averaging 63 ± 29 cm.

7. People also ask

   Do orthods have a Spodosol horizon?

   • Orthods have a spodic horizon enriched with both iron and organic matter. These are the most extensive Spodosols (2.7 million km 2) and are dominant in cool temperate areas of the northern latitudes. F.C. Ugolini, in Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment, 2005

   Spodosol - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

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   What is a Spodosol horizon?

   • In some, the gray (albic horizon) may be absent; in others, it may be more than 2 m thick over a spodic horizon; furthermore, in some the spodic horizon may be cemented and is then called ‘ortstein.’ Most Spodosols have few silicate clays. The particle-size class is mostly sandy, sandy-skeletal, coarse-loamy, loamy-skeletal, or coarse-silty.

   Spodosol - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

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   What is a Spodosol soil?

   • The central concept of Spodosols is that of soils in which amorphous mixtures of organic matter and aluminum, with or without iron, have accumulated. In undisturbed soils there is normally an overlying eluvial horizon, generally gray to light gray in color, that has the color of more or less uncoated quartz.

   Spodosols - Natural Resources Conservation Service

   www.nrcs.usda.gov/conservation-basics/natural-resource-concerns/soils/spodosols

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   How many suborders of Spodosols are there?

   • There are four suborders of Spodosols: 1. Aquods have an aquic SMR or the climate is extremely humid. They have a spodic horizon, with very high organic matter content, and are generally found in depressions or where the soils have an impermeable subsoil;

   Spodosol - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

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   How do Spodosols form Horizons?

   • The process that forms these horizons is known as podzolization. Many Spodosols support forest. Because they are naturally infertile, they require additions of lime in order to be productive agriculturally. They are divided into five suborders: Aquods, Gelods, Cryods, Humods and Orthods.

   Spodosols | Soil & Water Systems | University of Idaho

   www.uidaho.edu/cals/soil-orders/spodosols

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   Why do Spodosols have unique morphology?

   • The unique morphology of Spodosols, supported by analytical data, has been attributed to the movement of DOM and metal cations in solution or suspension. Migration of clay particles has not been considered of importance in this process, although it has been detected in the early evolutionary stages of Spodosols.

   Spodosol - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

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8. www.uidaho.edu › cals › soil-ordersSpodosols | Soil & Water Systems | University of Idaho

   www.uidaho.edu › cals › soil-orders

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   Nearby loamy soils do not have an E-Bs horizon sequence, underscoring the strong influence of coarse textures in promoting the podzolization process. This soil has very low native fertility, with pH values ranging between 3.4-5.2 and very low quantities of plant-available Ca, Mg and K. (Image from University of Idaho)