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1. www.nrcs.usda.gov › soils › spodosolsSpodosols - Natural Resources Conservation Service

   www.nrcs.usda.gov › soils › spodosols

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   Orthods are the relatively freely drained Spodosols that have a moderate accumulation of organic carbon in the spodic horizon. They are most extensive in the Northeastern United States and the Great Lakes States.

2. www.sciencedirect.com › spodosolSpodosol - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

   www.sciencedirect.com › spodosol

   Orthods have a spodic horizon enriched with both iron and organic matter. These are the most extensive Spodosols (2.7 million km 2 ) and are dominant in cool temperate areas of the northern latitudes.

3. www.sciencedirect.com › spodosolSpodosol - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

   www.sciencedirect.com › spodosol

   Spodosols are sandy mineral soils low in organic matter and natural fertility in the surface layer that contain an acidic subsurface restrictive layer composed of Al and iron (Fe) “cemented” together with organic matter (Obreza and Collins, 2008). You might find these chapters and articles relevant to this topic. The podzolization process. A review

4. www.uidaho.edu › cals › soil-ordersSpodosols | Soil & Water Systems | University of Idaho

   www.uidaho.edu › cals › soil-orders

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   Spodosols have either: (1) an albic horizon (light-colored, leached) and a spodic horizon (accumulation of Fe- and Al-humus complexes); or (2) a plow layer (Ap) consisting of at least 85 percent spodic materials (USDA-NRCS image)

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5. www.sciencedirect.com › science › articleChapter 6 Spodosols - ScienceDirect

   www.sciencedirect.com › science › article

   Jan 1, 1983 · Typically, they have four major horizons: a dark-colored organic surface horizon; a bleached eluvial horizon; a reddish, brownish or black illuvial horizon enriched in amorphous materials; and a sandy C horizon. A well-developed Spodosol profile is a striking example of soil genesis as the horizons are sharply differentiated.

   • Author: J.A. McKeague, F. DeConinck, D.P. Franzmeier

   • Publish Year: 1983

6. passel2.unl.edu › view › lesson5.8 - Spodosols | Soil Genesis and Development, Lesson 5 ...

   passel2.unl.edu › view › lesson

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   Spodosols are characterized by high acidity, and have a subsoil accumulation of organic matter, along with aluminum and iron oxides, called a spodic horizon. Typically low in natural fertility (basic cations, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and K + ) and high in soil acidity (H + , Al 3+ ), these soils require extensive inputs of lime and fertilizers to be ...

7. People also ask

   Do orthods have a Spodosol horizon?

   • Orthods have a spodic horizon enriched with both iron and organic matter. These are the most extensive Spodosols (2.7 million km 2) and are dominant in cool temperate areas of the northern latitudes. F.C. Ugolini, in Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment, 2005

   Spodosol - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

   www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/spodosol

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   What is spodosol order?

   • The Spodosol order is defined essentially as those mineral soils having a spodic or placic horizon. A placic horizon is a thin, black to dark-reddish pan cemented by iron, by iron and manganese, or by an iron–organic matter complex. The spodic horizon is defined in terms of both field and laboratory criteria.

   Chapter 6 Spodosols - ScienceDirect

   www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166248108706172

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   How many horizons are there in a Spodosol?

   • Typically, they have four major horizons: a dark-colored organic surface horizon; a bleached eluvial horizon; a reddish, brownish, or black illuvial horizon enriched in amorphous materials; and a sandy C horizon. A well-developed Spodosol profile is a striking example of soil genesis as the horizons are sharply differentiated.

   Chapter 6 Spodosols - ScienceDirect

   www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166248108706172

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   What is a spodosol profile?

   • A well-developed Spodosol profile is a striking example of soil genesis as the horizons are sharply differentiated. The Spodosol order is defined essentially as those mineral soils having a spodic or placic horizon. A placic horizon is a thin, black to dark-reddish pan cemented by iron, by iron and manganese, or by an iron–organic matter complex.

   Chapter 6 Spodosols - ScienceDirect

   www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166248108706172

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   How many suborders of Spodosols are there?

   • There are four suborders of Spodosols: 1. Aquods have an aquic SMR or the climate is extremely humid. They have a spodic horizon, with very high organic matter content, and are generally found in depressions or where the soils have an impermeable subsoil;

   Spodosol - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

   www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/spodosol

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   What is a Spodosol horizon?

   • In some, the gray (albic horizon) may be absent; in others, it may be more than 2 m thick over a spodic horizon; furthermore, in some the spodic horizon may be cemented and is then called ‘ortstein.’ Most Spodosols have few silicate clays. The particle-size class is mostly sandy, sandy-skeletal, coarse-loamy, loamy-skeletal, or coarse-silty.

   Spodosol - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

   www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/spodosol

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8. link.springer.com › chapter › 10Entisols, Vertisols, Spodosols, and Histosols | SpringerLink

   link.springer.com › chapter › 10

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   Apr 7, 2022 · Vertisols either have a cambic horizon (78%) averaging 101 ± 41 cm or lack a diagnostic subsurface horizon (22%). Spodosols have an ochric epipedon averaging 18 cm over an albic horizon averaging 13 ± 9.2 and a spodic horizon averaging 63 ± 29 cm.