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  1. Consent process. For research with humans to be considered ethical, it is essential that participants provide their free, informed and ongoing consent. Research can begin only after the participants have provided their initial consent, and individuals must have the possibility to withdraw their consent at any point during the research project.

  2. In specific situations it may be necessary to make an exception to the general rule of informed consent for scientific research with an intervention. Earlier reviews only described subsets of arguments for exceptions to waive consent. Here, we ...

  3. Dec 2, 2021 · Consent should be obtained before the participant enters the research (prospectively), and there must be no undue influence on participants to consent. The minimum requirements for consent to be informed are that the participant understands what the research is and what they are consenting to.

  4. In order for participants to give meaningful consent, they should be able to understand the intent of the research, be clear about what they are being asked to do and if any risks are involved, and know how their information will be used. Consent may be documented in many ways.

  5. Participants must then give their individual consent to participate on an informed consent form (ICF) developed specifically for the research project. There are very few research situations which do not require the participant's signature on an informed consent form.

  6. Voluntary informed consent is essential to conducting ethical research with human participants. Valid consent rests on three pillars: the absence of coercion or undue influence, providing participants with information relevant to the decision at hand, and ensuring that participants have the capacity to use that information to make an authentic ...

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  8. Consent to participate in a research study should be understood as a process rather than an event. Researchers should plan for and articulate the steps by which consent is initially obtained and the steps by which it is reviewed throughout the study.