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May 1, 2011 · The lower depth boundary and thickness of the spodic horizon were significantly greater (p = 0.001) in soils with ortstein than in those without ortstein. The data suggest that soil water transporting cementing materials (Fe, Al, Si, and dissolved organic C) moves more slowly in landscape positions where ortstein eventually forms than in those where it is absent.
- James Bockheim
- 2011
May 1, 2011 · In ST, ortstein is both a diagnostic subsurface horizon and the only rupture-resistance class recognized in the system. In contrast, a placic horizon does not require spodic materials and ranges between 1 and 25 mm in thickness. Unlike the ortstein horizon, the placic horizon is not penetrated by roots except in fractures.
- James Bockheim
- 19
- 2011
- 01 May 2011
A Spodic horizon must have ≥85% of spodic materials in a layer ≥2.5 cm thick that is not part of any Ap horizon. Further subdivision of Spodosols at lower categorical levels is based on both field morphology and measurable properties.
- Paul Sanborn, Luc Lamontagne, William Hendershot
- 2011
However, Spodosols vary widely depending on climate and other soil-forming factors. In some, the gray (albic horizon) may be absent; in others, it may be more than 2 m thick over a spodic horizon; furthermore, in some the spodic horizon may be cemented and is then called ‘ortstein.’ Most Spodosols have few silicate clays.
to an underlying spodic horizon may only be slight. Many albic horizons are associated with wetness and contain evidence of gleyic or stagnic properties. Diagnostic criteria. An albic horizon must have: 1. Munsell colour, dry: a. value of 7 or 8 and a chroma of 3 or less; or b. value of 5 or 6 and a chroma of 2 or less; and 2. Munsell colour ...
May 1, 2011 · In contrast, a placic horizon does not require spodic materials and ranges between 1 and 25 mm in thickness (Fig. 18.2). Unlike the ortstein horizon, the placic horizon is not penetrated by roots ...
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from the Brazilian System of Soil Classification (Santos et al., 2013). The ortstein is a cemented spodic horizon, which is typically influenced by organometallic complexes. The placic horizon is a thin pan of black to dark-red color, cemented by Fe (or Fe and Mn) and organic matter. This horizon may or may not be associated with the spodic horizon
