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The Bengal Presidency emerged from trading posts established in the Bengal province during the reign of Emperor Jahangir in 1612. The East India Company (HEIC), a British monopoly with a Royal Charter, competed with other European companies to gain influence in Bengal.
Oct 5, 2021 · Introduction. Beginning of Rule: The British East India Company was established as a trading company in 1600 and transformed into a ruling body in 1765. Interference in Internal Affairs: After the Battle of Buxar (1764), the East India Company got the Diwani (right to collect revenue) of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa and gradually, it started ...
A mezzotint engraving of Fort William, Calcutta, the capital of the Bengal Presidency in British India 1735. The provinces of India, earlier presidencies of British India and still earlier, presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance on the Indian subcontinent. Collectively, they have been called British India.
The presidencies in British India were provinces of that region under the direct control and supervision of, initially, the East India Company and, after 1857, the British government. The three key presidencies in India were the Madras Presidency, the Bengal Presidency, and the Bombay Presidency.
- Background
- The Regulating Act 1773
- Amending Act of 1781
- Pitt's India Act 1784
- Charter Act of 1793
- Charter Act of 1813
- Charter Act 1833
- Charter Act 1853
- Conclusion
The East India Company, which had the exclusive right to trade in India under a charter granted by Queen Elizabeth I, arrived in India in 1600 as traders.The Company secured the 'Diwani' rights (revenue and civil justice rights) of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa in 1765. This began its existence as a territorial authority.Following the 'sepoy mutiny' in 1858, the British Crown seized direct responsibility for India's governance.For the first time, the British Parliament intervened in the East India Company's business.The Governor of Bengal has been elevated to the position of Governor-General of Bengal (Warren Hastings).The Governor-Executive General's Council was established with four members.The administration was centralized, with the Madras and Bombay Presidency becoming subordinate to the Bengal Presidency.The Amending Act of 1781 was passed by the British Parliament on 5th July 1781 to remove the defects of the Regulating Act of 1773.The key provision of this Act was to demarcate the relations between the Supreme Court and the Governor-General in Council.This Act is also known as “The Act of Settlement 1781” or “Declaratory Act of 1781”.It's regarded as a watershed moment in Indian constitutional history.The business and political roles of the company are separated. The Court of Directors was in charge of the company's economic activities, while the Board of Control was in charge of the company's p..."British possessions in India" was the term used to refer to the British possessions in India.In Madras and Bombay, Governor's Councils were constituted.The East India Company Act 1793, commonly known as the Charter Act of 1793, was passed by the British parliament to renew the East India Company's charter for another 20 years.This legislation gave all future Governors-General and Governors-of-Presidencies the overriding power accorded to Lord Conwliis over his council.The Crown's control over British colonies in India was asserted by this Act.The rule of the corporation was prolonged for another 20 years.Except for tea, opium, and trade with China, their trade monopoly was broken.The Charter Act of 1833 made the Governor-General of Bengal the Governor-General of India (Lord William Bentinck).The Presidencies of Bombay and Madras lost their legislative powers.As a result of this act, the company's commercial activities were ended, and it was converted into an administrative body.The executive and legislative functions of the Governor-legislative General's Council were separated.The temporary administrations of Madras, Bombay, Agra, and Bengal each appointed six members to the Central Legislative Council.The Indian civil service was created to allow for the open recruitment of officers for administrative positions.The Laws and Regulations enacted during the company’s rule were merely to extend the control of the East India Company over India rather than any Constitutional development. However, a blueprint for the upcoming constitutional changes was always visible in these laws which paved the way for Indians by giving an idea regarding constitutional develop...
Aug 25, 2024 · This chapter examines the British East India Company’s presence on the Indian Sub-continent and its economic and political influence from the seventeenth to the late eighteenth century.
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The British East India Company began ruling parts of the Indian subcontinent beginning with the Battle of Plassey, which led to the conquest of Bengal Subah and the founding of the Bengal Presidency, before the Company expanded across most of the subcontinent up until the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
