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Aug 15, 2018 · In 1854, Elizabeth Jennings rode the streetcar of her choice, in an early civil rights protest that led to desegregating public transportation in NYC. Elizabeth Jennings Graham. The icon indicates free access to the linked research on JSTOR. On Sunday, July 16th, 1854, a young black schoolteacher named Elizabeth Jennings was running late.
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Thomas L. Jennings. Elizabeth Jennings Graham (March 1827 – June 5, 1901) was an African-American teacher and civil rights figure. In 1854, Graham insisted on her right to ride on an available New York City streetcar at a time when all such companies were private and most operated segregated cars. Her case was decided in her favor in 1855 ...
Oct 3, 2018 · On July 16, 1854, Jennings (Graham was added to her name after marrying in 1860) was running late to church and tried to ride a white-only streetcar in Manhattan. The conductor told her they weren ...
Elizabeth Jennings Graham “deserves a place of honor in the history of civil rights in New York.”. Jennings’s victory served as a powerful catalyst in the fight for equality on New York’s public transit vehicles, but it didn’t end segregation once and for all. It would take nearly twenty years before all New York City streetcars were ...
- The Early Life and Higher Learning of Elizabeth Jennings Graham
- Jennings v. The Third Ave. Railroad
- From One Woman to Class Action: The Legacy of Elizabeth Jennings Graham
Elizabeth Jennings was born in New York City in March 1827. The daughter of a Thomas L. Jennings, who was born free, and Elizabeth Jennings, who wasn’t, the household she grew up in had high standards regarding education, culture, and political awareness. It’s no wonder she eventually became a schoolteacher. John H. Hewitt, one of the foremost auth...
It was Sunday, July 16, 1854, when Jennings and Adams caught the horse-drawn trolley car on the corner of Pearl and Chatham Streets. Unfortunately, that car didn’t have the words “Colored People Allowed in this Car” adorning its side. “I held up my hand to the driver and he stopped the car,” Jennings recalled. “We got on the platform, when the cond...
Hewitt wrote that “what may have started as one woman’s individual protest had really become class action.” Once Elizabeth Jennings Graham succeeded in her court battle, the New York State Supreme Court ruled that African-Americans could no longer be excluded as long as they were “sober, well behaved, and free from disease” (even when ruling in fav...
Graeme Lucian Phillip Jennings (born 1968) is an Australian classical violinist and music educator. He has performed with the Elision Ensemble and Arditti Quartet. [1] Jennings' 2005 performance of Brian Ferneyhough's violin concertante Terrain, was described as "transfixing either as a display of fiddling pyrotechnics, or as an exercise in ...
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Graeme Jennings may refer to: Graeme Jennings (fencer) (1946–1993), Australian Olympic fencer; Graeme Jennings (violinist) (born 1968), Australian violinist; See also. Graham Jennings, Australian association footballer
