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Feb 24, 2022 · It is designed with the flawed assumption that bytes == text. The simplest way to account for this is to use the latin-1 or iso-8859-1 encoding. However, you will still have to figure out PDF's own escaping mechanisms that it uses to embed Unicode text into what is really a binary format.
May 10, 2020 · When the CPython interpreter executes your program, it first translates onto a sequence of bytecode instructions. Bytecode is an intermediate language for the Python virtual machine that’s used as a performance optimization.
- How Python Works
- Inside The Python Virtual Machine
- Accessing and Understanding Python Bytecode
- Putting Bytecode to Use
- Further Reading
Python is often described as an interpreted language—one in which your source code is translated into native CPU instructions as the program runs—but this is only partially correct. Python, like many interpreted languages, actually compiles source code to a set of instructions for a virtual machine, and the Python interpreter is an implementation o...
CPython uses a stack-based virtual machine. That is, it's oriented entirely around stack data structures (where you can "push" an item onto the "top" of the structure, or "pop" an item off the "top"). CPython uses three types of stacks: 1. The call stack. This is the main structure of a running Python program. It has one item—a "frame"—for each cur...
If you want to play around with this, the dis module in the Python standard library is a huge help; the dis module provides a "disassembler" for Python bytecode, making it easy to get a human-readable version and look up the various bytecode instructions. The documentation for the dis modulegoes over its contents and provides a full list of bytecod...
Now that you've read this far, you might be thinking "OK, I guess that's cool, but what's the practical value of knowing this?" Setting aside curiosity for curiosity's sake, understanding Python bytecode is useful in a few ways. First, understanding Python's execution model helps you reason about your code. People like to joke about C being a kind ...
If you'd like to learn more about Python bytecode, the Python virtual machine, and how they work, I recommend these resources: 1. Inside the Python Virtual Machineby Obi Ike-Nwosu is a free online book that does a deep dive into the Python interpreter, explaining in detail how Python actually works. 2. A Python Interpreter Written in Pythonby Allis...
Sep 30, 2024 · pypdf is a python library built as a PDF toolkit. It is capable of: Extracting document information (title, author, …) Splitting documents page by page. Merging documents page by page. Cropping pages. Merging multiple pages into a single page. Encrypting and decrypting PDF files. and more!
Jul 16, 2023 · In this comprehensive guide, we will introduce you to PyPDF2, a popular Python library for working with PDF files, and provide a step-by-step tutorial on how to use it effectively.
What is bytecode? an. intermediate representation. of your program. what the interpreter “sees” when it runs your program. machine code. for a. virtual machine. (the interpreter) a series of.
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In this step-by-step tutorial, you'll learn how to work with a PDF in Python. You'll see how to extract metadata from preexisting PDFs . You'll also learn how to merge, split, watermark, and rotate pages in PDFs using Python and PyPDF2.
