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- The Elmira system classified and separated various types of prisoners, gave them individualized treatment emphasizing vocational training and industrial employment, used indeterminate sentences, rewarded good behaviour, and paroled inmates under supervision.
www.britannica.com/topic/Elmira-systemElmira system | Rehabilitation, Reform & Prisoners | Britannica
In 1939, two prisoners followed Dr. Christian to his car and demanded he drive them out of the prison. Despite a knife held to his throat, the 63-year-old Dr. Christian fought off his assailants until help arrived; he received three stab wounds, narrowly escaping death.
The Elmira system classified and separated various types of prisoners, gave them individualized treatment emphasizing vocational training and industrial employment, used indeterminate sentences, rewarded good behaviour, and paroled inmates under supervision.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
History. Early years. In 1876, the facility was founded as the "Elmira Reformatory". Its first superintendent was Zebulon Brockway. It differed from many prisons of the day as it focused on reforming the convict using psychological methods rather than physical.
A nation's first reformatory. When New York's Elmira Reformatory opened in 1876, it rejected 19th century penology's holy trinity of silence, obedience and labor. Elmira's goal would be reform of the convict, and its methods would be psychological rather than physical.
Correctional education at Elmira looked beyond prisoners’ sentences to their lives outside of the walls of confinement. It molded their lives’ by structure and organization so that they were able to function successfully after their confinement in their employment and social relationships.
May 22, 2017 · In May 1876, Brockway was sworn in as superintendent of the newly constructed Elmira Reformatory in Elmira, New York, the nation’s first correctional institution for male felons between the ages of sixteen and thirty.
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The Elmira Reformatory (Elmira Correctional Facility) is now a maximum security prison for felons, irrespective of age. The Massachusetts Reformatory (Massachusetts Correctional Institution at Concord) is a medium security prison for adult offenders serving sentences of at least two and one half years.
