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- During the American Revolution, Vermont declared independence separately from the original 13 colonies, although the Continental Congress refused to recognize it. Vermont was finally admitted to the union as the 14th state in 1790, after 14 years as an independent republic.
www.history.com/topics/us-states/vermont
Nov 9, 2009 · Vermont became the first state to legally recognize civil unions between partners of the same sex in April 2000. Nine years later, the state legislature granted full marriage rights to...
- Vermont declares independence from colony of New York - HISTORY
However, as the politics of slavery threatened to divide the...
- Vermont declares independence from colony of New York - HISTORY
- Overview
- Revolution and statehood
- Modern period
Although the region was explored long before the landing of the Pilgrims and was settled before the American Revolution, it began its early development not as a chartered royal colony but as a territory whose possession New Hampshire and New York disputed. In the decades before the Revolution, disputes—frequently escalating into armed conflicts—arose when land grants by New Hampshire conflicted with similar grants issued by New York. Between 1770 and 1775, many early settlers joined units of the Green Mountain Boys, led by Ethan Allen, and repulsed the Yorkers (those who settled in Vermont under New York patents) who tried to control Vermont. Later, when the American Revolution began, the same Green Mountain Boys also asserted their independence from England. Their successful assault on Fort Ticonderoga, on the New York side of Lake Champlain in May 1775, has been called the first offensive action by American forces of the Revolution.
In 1777 Vermonters created an independent republic and adopted a constitution. By declaring its independence, Vermont created a revolution within the American Revolution and presented the new continental government with a host of problems. To recognize Vermont as a new state might encourage other separatist movements, would alienate New York, and could perhaps undermine the war effort. The Continental Congress refused to recognize Vermont, though Vermont’s importance to the success of the Revolution was widely acknowledged. At the Battle of Bennington in August 1777, Vermont troops helped defeat a British force, setting up the American victory at Saratoga in October.
Vermont’s government, faced with New York’s continued opposition and the refusal of the Continental Congress to offer recognition, followed an aggressive diplomacy that included temporarily annexing towns in New York and New Hampshire, as well as conducting discussions with the British in Canada on possible recognition of an independent Vermont. In 1790 New York finally gave up its claims to Vermont and the following year, after 14 years as an independent republic, Vermont was admitted into the union as the 14th state.
During the early 19th century, Vermont’s economy went through several cycles of boom and bust, including its rise and fall as a major sheep and wool producer. Vermont had an active Anti-Masonic Party, which controlled state government in the 1830s and carried the state for the Anti-Masonic presidential candidate William Wirt in 1832. Though the Whigs controlled the state government in the 1840s, their control was tenuous, with gubernatorial candidates frequently unable to attain a majority of the vote. In 1854 antislavery and temperance forces joined to form the Republican Party, the second organization by that name in the country. The Republicans would not lose a statewide election until 1958 and also dominated both houses of the legislature during that period.
More than 35,000 Vermonters fought in the American Civil War, more than 5,000 of whom died. Vermont became the site of the northernmost land action of the war when, in 1864, a band of Confederate soldiers crossed from Canada to raid St. Albans.
Following the war, dairying emerged as the primary agricultural activity. The Republican Party prevented factionalism and maintained control of state government through an elaborate informal mechanism that apportioned candidacies east and west of the Green Mountains and set tenure limits on some elective offices. The ongoing emigration of Vermonters helped maintain a low population and thus assured the continued rural character of Vermont.
Although the region was explored long before the landing of the Pilgrims and was settled before the American Revolution, it began its early development not as a chartered royal colony but as a territory whose possession New Hampshire and New York disputed. In the decades before the Revolution, disputes—frequently escalating into armed conflicts—arose when land grants by New Hampshire conflicted with similar grants issued by New York. Between 1770 and 1775, many early settlers joined units of the Green Mountain Boys, led by Ethan Allen, and repulsed the Yorkers (those who settled in Vermont under New York patents) who tried to control Vermont. Later, when the American Revolution began, the same Green Mountain Boys also asserted their independence from England. Their successful assault on Fort Ticonderoga, on the New York side of Lake Champlain in May 1775, has been called the first offensive action by American forces of the Revolution.
In 1777 Vermonters created an independent republic and adopted a constitution. By declaring its independence, Vermont created a revolution within the American Revolution and presented the new continental government with a host of problems. To recognize Vermont as a new state might encourage other separatist movements, would alienate New York, and could perhaps undermine the war effort. The Continental Congress refused to recognize Vermont, though Vermont’s importance to the success of the Revolution was widely acknowledged. At the Battle of Bennington in August 1777, Vermont troops helped defeat a British force, setting up the American victory at Saratoga in October.
Vermont’s government, faced with New York’s continued opposition and the refusal of the Continental Congress to offer recognition, followed an aggressive diplomacy that included temporarily annexing towns in New York and New Hampshire, as well as conducting discussions with the British in Canada on possible recognition of an independent Vermont. In 1790 New York finally gave up its claims to Vermont and the following year, after 14 years as an independent republic, Vermont was admitted into the union as the 14th state.
During the early 19th century, Vermont’s economy went through several cycles of boom and bust, including its rise and fall as a major sheep and wool producer. Vermont had an active Anti-Masonic Party, which controlled state government in the 1830s and carried the state for the Anti-Masonic presidential candidate William Wirt in 1832. Though the Whigs controlled the state government in the 1840s, their control was tenuous, with gubernatorial candidates frequently unable to attain a majority of the vote. In 1854 antislavery and temperance forces joined to form the Republican Party, the second organization by that name in the country. The Republicans would not lose a statewide election until 1958 and also dominated both houses of the legislature during that period.
More than 35,000 Vermonters fought in the American Civil War, more than 5,000 of whom died. Vermont became the site of the northernmost land action of the war when, in 1864, a band of Confederate soldiers crossed from Canada to raid St. Albans.
Following the war, dairying emerged as the primary agricultural activity. The Republican Party prevented factionalism and maintained control of state government through an elaborate informal mechanism that apportioned candidacies east and west of the Green Mountains and set tenure limits on some elective offices. The ongoing emigration of Vermonters helped maintain a low population and thus assured the continued rural character of Vermont.
Former Massachusetts governor Calvin Coolidge became U.S. president in 1923, famously taking the oath of office by lamplight in the family home in Plymouth, Vermont; he served until 1929. By the 1930s Vermont had committed to a sustained effort to attract tourism and develop a recreation industry. Traditional summer tourism was augmented by the development of ski areas in the 1930s, making Vermont a year-round attraction. An influx of new residents ended population stagnation and eroded traditional loyalties to the Republican Party. In 1958 a Democrat captured Vermont’s lone congressional seat for one term, and in 1962 the Democratic Party captured the governorship for the first time since 1853. In 1965, under court order, the General Assembly abandoned its one town–one representative apportionment scheme, shifting the balance of power from the many small, rural towns to the state’s population centres. In 1985 Vermont elected its first female governor, Madeleine Kunin, who served for three terms.
In the 1990s Vermont’s national delegation included a Democratic senator, a Republican senator, and an independent U.S. representative, Bernie Sanders, a self-proclaimed democratic socialist. Sanders was the first independent to serve in the U.S. House of Representatives in 40 years, and he remained an independent when he ran for, and won, a Senate seat in 2006. Former governor Howard Dean ran for U.S. president in 2004, as did Sanders in 2016.
In 2000 Vermont passed a law recognizing same-sex civil unions (the first such law in the United States). In April 2009 an attempt by the governor to veto a bill permitting same-sex couples to marry was overturned by the legislature, and Vermont became the fourth state to legalize same-sex marriages—and the first to do so through the legislature rather than the courts.
Population growth, changing settlement patterns, and changing economic realities have all influenced Vermont in contemporary times. Despite these changes, Vermont has retained much of its earlier character and its strong independent streak. D. Gregory Sanford
Congress acted on February 18, 1791, to admit Vermont to the Union as the 14th state as of March 4, 1791; two weeks earlier on February 4, 1791, Congress had decided to admit Kentucky as the 15th state as of June 1, 1792. [46] Vermont became the first state to enter the Union after the original 13 states.
Mar 9, 2023 · As the first state to join the Union, Vermont was a leader in the fight for independence and the establishment of the new nation. Vermont was a key player in the Revolutionary War, providing troops and supplies to the Continental Army.
Mar 15, 2010 · However, as the politics of slavery threatened to divide the U.S., Vermont was finally admitted as the new nation’s 14th state in 1791, serving as a free counterbalance to slaveholding Kentucky...
- Missy Sullivan
- 2 min
In 1791, Vermont joined the federal Union as the fourteenth state—becoming the first state to enter the Union after the original Thirteen Colonies, and as a counterweight to slaveholding Kentucky, which was admitted to the Union the following year.
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Apr 23, 2024 · Vermont was admitted to the United States on March 4, 1791. On February 9, 1791, the Congress received the state’s transmission to Congress its intent to hold a convention for the purposes of ratifying the United States Constitution and the results of that convention. The notice and the ratification announcement of the convention can be found ...
