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- Most protein antigens require signals from helper T cells (Th2) to proceed to make antibody. When a B cell binds to a self-antigen but receives no signals from a nearby Th2 cell to produce antibody, the cell is signaled to undergo apoptosis and is destroyed.
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Signaling through the antigen receptors can be enhanced by signaling through the B-cell co-receptor on B cells or the CD4 and CD8 co-receptor molecules on T cells; signaling through the co-stimulatory receptor CD28 on T cells also contributes to activating naive T cells.
- Charles A Janeway, Paul Travers, Mark Walport, Mark J Shlomchik
- 2001
- 2001
Apr 13, 2022 · Antigen processing and presentation are the cornerstones of adaptive immunity. B cells cannot generate high-affinity antibodies without T cell help. CD4+ T cells, which provide such help,...
- Novalia Pishesha
Oct 15, 2016 · Cell signaling pathways regulate much in the life of a cell: from shuttling cargo through intracellular compartments and onto the cell surface, how it should respond to stress, protecting itself from harm (environmental insults or infections), to ultimately, death by apoptosis.
Jun 15, 2007 · During differentiation, apoptosis ensures that lymphocytes express functional antigen receptors and is essential for eliminating lymphocytes with dangerous self-reactive specificities.
- J T Opferman
- joseph.opferman@stjude.org
- 2008
Revision notes on 2.5.5 The Role of Antigen-Presenting Cells for the AQA A Level Biology syllabus, written by the Biology experts at Save My Exams.
Costimulatory accessory molecules must also interact (eg, CD28 on the T cell interacts with CD80 and CD86 on the antigen-presenting cell); otherwise, the T cell exposed to antigen becomes anergic or dies by apoptosis.
Two major pathways, active and passive apoptosis, have been identified and are discussed in this overview. Active apoptosis, also termed propriocidal cell death or antigen-induced cell death, occurs when cells are stimulated through a family of TNF-related receptors termed death receptors.
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