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Our intent for the field guide is two-‐fold: 1) to simplify the use of the Canadian System of Soil Classification in the field and 2) to allow field testing of a new soil order for Anthroposolic soils, which has been proposed for inclusion in the Canadian System of Soil Classification.
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Organic layers less than 40 cm in thickness that overlie a mineral soil are recognized as a phase in the Canadian System of Soil Classification. For example, a Humic Luvic Gleysol with a 30-‐cm organic surface layer would be classified as a Humic Luvic Gleysol, peaty phase.
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The horizon description system begins by splitting soil horizons into two distinct groups: organic and mineral horizons. Organic horizons are those that contain 17% or more organic carbon; mineral horizons have less than 17% organic carbon. The major symbols used in describing mineral soil layers in Canada are shown in the following tables.
Organic horizons. Named layers and materials of Organic soils. Tests for distinguishing organic layers. von Post scale of decomposition. Rules concerning horizon and layer designations. Need for precise definitions of horizons and layers. Chapter 3 Outline of the System and a Key to the Classification of a Pedon.
- A_Texture
- Battersea Silt Loam
- Farmington Loam
- Gananoque Clay (With a Rock and Shallow Phase)
- Lansdowne Clay (Rocky and Shallow Phase)
- Lindsay (Clay and Clay Loam)
- Lyons Loam (Rocky and Shallow Phase)
- Marsh
- Muck
- Newburgh Fine Sandy Loam and Silt Loam
- Picadilly Fine Sandy Loam
- Rockland
- Seeley’s Bay Silt Loam (Rocky Phase)
- Tweed Sandy Loam
- Wendigo Loamy Sand (Rocky Phase)
Describes the soil texture of the A Horizon in the soil profile. (Please refer to the ATexture1 column) Silt Loam- Soapier feel than SL but not as smooth and/or less easily worked than Z. Adheres to at least one finger. Sandy Loam- Sandy feel. Adheres to at least one finger, not soapy or sticky. Readily worked. Loam- No one dominating feel, rough...
The surface is a very dark brown fine sandy loam or silt loam with crumb and granular structure. This is underlain by a grayish brown, slightly mottled horizon 4 to 7 inches thick and of similar texture. The underlying Bt horizon is a brown finer-textured layer of varying thickness. The parent material is grayish brown silt to silty clay loam and c...
The limestone rock surface is flat, hence the soil surface is also flat, except for local breaks or scarps in the rock surface. Variations in the soil are mainly variations in depth of till deposit. Thus, it is possible to find areas of considerable size that have a soil coverage of 4 inches and others with 12 inches of soil materials. Native grass...
The Gananoque soils are developed in clay soil material having good to moderately good surface drainage. The topography of the Gananoque soils is variable. In some areas the moderate slopes are bedrock controlled; in other areas the parallel rolling ridges are probably the result of wave action and in still other areas the irregular sloping topog...
The Landsdowne soils are found on gentle slopes that probably represent the rising elevations to a limestone plain. In some locations islands of rock occur completely surrounded by these clay sediments. The positions occupied by the Lansdowne soils is therefore the upper limits of the sediments laid down in the former glacial lake. There are two co...
The Lindsay soils have developed on shallow lacustrine clay deposits, about 15 inches thick, over stony calcareous till. The topography of this series is nearly level; hence external and internal drainage is slow. The cultivated surface is dark, usually stonefree, clay loam and neutral in reaction. The subsoil layers are gleyed and mottled. Linds...
Soils of this series occur on level or slightly depressional areas and are developed from stony calcareous till materials of loam texture. They are poorly drained and have a thick (6 to 8 inches), dark surface horizon that is rich in organic matter. Soil horizons underlying the surface grade from those having a drab gray color to those of intense m...
Marshes are generally flooded areas supporting water-loving plants but have not as yet developed into organic bogs. These areas have less than a foot of organic accumulation. Monteagle Sandy Loam A common soil type whose parent material consists of a stony, gravelly, sandy loam till derived from hard Precambrian rocks such as granite, gneiss, etc....
The organic soils in the county are designated as Muck or Peat. The Muck soils are the black, fairly well decomposed organic materials that occur in the limestone plain area of the southern half of the county and in certain portions of the Precambrian Shield. The occurrence of this soil appears to be associated very largely with the distribution of...
The Newburgh soils are well-drained soils and are found associated with lakes or rivers and are thought to be deltaic in origin. The soil materials are fine sandy loam with or without silt layers. Two soil types have been mapped in the county, namely Newburgh silt loam, which contains silt bands, and Newburgh fine sandy loam, which has a uniform te...
The Picadilly series are soils that have developed on a mixture of silt loam and fine sandy loam deposits under imperfect drainage. They occur in two areas in the county, namely the Picadilly and the Godfrey areas. Fine sandy loam soils and silt loam soils mapped as Newburgh, Picadilly, and Hinchinbrooke, occur in the area and are no doubt deltaic ...
This land was differentiated from Monteagle sandy loam - rocky phase on the basis that it has a much smaller percentage of Monteagle soils among the rocks and therefore has no potential for any type of agricultural endeavor. The area contains over 50 percent of rock outcrop together with shallow Monteagle soils, Muck, and Peat. There may be small a...
The Seeley’s Bay soils are well-drained silty soils found along the northern fringe of the lacustrine deposits in Frontenac and Leeds Counties. They are relatively shallow lacustrine deposits in contrast to the deep clay deposits mapped to the south as Gananoque, Lansdowne, and Napanee. The soil parent material is a calcareous stone-free silty clay...
The Tweed soil series is closely associated with crystalline limestone. This rock material was ground by glacial action sufficiently to produce a sandy loam calcareous till. The soil parent material is a stony sandy loam, in which the stone fragments are both limestone and granites derived from the Precambrian rock formations. These soils have an i...
The parent materials of these soils originated as glacial outwash and to a lesser extent as river deposits associated particularly with the Skootamata River. These deposits are generally shallow and poorly sorted with the result that gravels and various grades of sand occur together in stratified layers. This is a region of thin soils and frequent ...
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horizons – Mineral soil, typically formed below an O, A, or E horizon that exhibits litle or no remnant rock structure, and has one or more of the following: illuvial accumulation of silicate clay, iron, alu-minum, humus, carbonates, gypsum, silica, or salt more soluable than gypsum (one or more);
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Soil horizons, properties and materials are intended to reflect features which are widely recognized as occurring in soils and which can be used to describe and define soil classes.
