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Organic layers less than 40 cm in thickness that overlie a mineral soil are recognized as a phase in the Canadian System of Soil Classification. For example, a Humic Luvic Gleysol with a 30-‐cm organic surface layer would be classified as a Humic Luvic Gleysol, peaty phase.
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Our intent for the field guide is two-‐fold: 1) to simplify the use of the Canadian System of Soil Classification in the field and 2) to allow field testing of a new soil order for Anthroposolic soils, which has been proposed for inclusion in the Canadian System of Soil Classification.
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The assignment of mineral soil layers to each horizon is done by comparing the properties of the horizons in the field to a list of distinctive characteristics, called diagnostic properties. Table 1: Basic description of mineral soil horizons in the Canadian System of Soil Classification (Agriculture Canada Expert System on Soil Survey, 1987).
Organic horizons. Named layers and materials of Organic soils. Tests for distinguishing organic layers. von Post scale of decomposition. Rules concerning horizon and layer designations. Need for precise definitions of horizons and layers. Chapter 3 Outline of the System and a Key to the Classification of a Pedon.
horizons – Mineral soil formed at the surface or be-low an O horizon, that exhibits litle or no remnant rock structure, and one or more of: an accumulation of humified organic mater in-timately mixed with the mineral fraction, and not dominated by properties characteristic of E or B horizons;
Soil horizons, properties and materials are intended to reflect features which are widely recognized as occurring in soils and which can be used to describe and define soil classes.
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How do Horizons describe soil layers in Canada?
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There are 10 orders of soil recognized in Canada. Each one is divided into groups, and then families, and then series, but we will only look at the orders, some of which are summarized in Table 5.2. The distribution of these types of soils (and a few others) in Canada is shown in Figure 5.5.1.
