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Physical adaptations in human beings are seen in response to extreme cold, humid heat, desert conditions, and high altitudes. Cold adaptation is of three types: adaptation to extreme cold, moderate cold, and night cold.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Allen’s Rule
- Sweating and Humidity
- Hunting Response
- Persistent Vasoconstriction
- High-Fat Diet
- Attributions
- References
Allen’s ruleis a corollary of Bergmann’s rule. It states that animals living in hotter climates generally have longer extremities (such as limbs, tails, snouts, and ears) than closely related animals living in colder climates. The explanation for Allen’s rule is similar to the rationale behind Bergmann’s rule. Longer extremities maximize an animal’...
Because humans are basically tropical animals, we generally have an easier time dealing with excessive heat than excessive cold. Evaporation of sweat is the main way we cool the body. The dancer in Figure 6.7.4 is sweating copiously while working out in a hot environment. Why does sweating cool us? When sweat evaporates from the skin, it requires h...
At temperatures below freezing, vasoconstriction can be dangerous if it lasts too long. The extremities become too cold because of lack of blood flow, and cold injury (such as frostbite) may occur. Frostbiteis tissue destruction that occurs when tissue freezes. You can see a mild-to-moderate case of frostbite of the fingers in Figure 6.7.7. If fros...
Where temperatures rarely fall below freezing but are repeatedly very chilly, the hunting response may not occur. Instead, vasoconstriction may persist to keep heat within the body at the expense of cooling the skin. As long as the temperature stays above freezing, cold injury (such as frostbite) will not occur. This type of response has been shown...
Besides shivering, another way to increase body heat is to raise the basal metabolic rate. The basal metabolic rate (BMR)is the amount of energy that a person needs to keep the body functioning at rest. The higher the BMR, the more heat the body generates, even without exercise or physical labor. The BMR can be increased by consuming large quantiti...
Figure 6.7.1 1. Maasai warrior by Ninaras on Wikimedia Commons is used under a CC BY 4.0(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en) license. 2. Smiling man from Maasai Mara, Kenya by Sneha on Unsplash is used under the Unsplash License(https://unsplash.com/license). Figure 6.7.2 1. Inuit-Kleidung women by Ansgar Walk on Wikimedia Commons ...
It’s Okay To Be Smart. (2017, January 9). How an igloo keeps you warm. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1L7EI0vKVuU&feature=youtu.be National Geographic. (2014, April 7). Hailstones’ Inupiaq traditions | Life below zero. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Ifq73REJiM&feature=youtu.be TED-Ed. (2014, July 21). What happens when you get ...
- Christine Miller
- 2020
Jan 16, 2023 · Over the intervening thousands of years, people living in freezing cold places have adapted biologically to their environment but on a small scale.
Sep 25, 2013 · 4 min read. Humans May Be the Most Adaptive Species. Constant climate change may have given Homo sapiens their flexibility. By Nathanael Massey & ClimateWire. In the 5 million years since...
Nov 23, 2020 · This special issue takes a tour of EBA contributions to our understanding of climate-change adaptation, from data on past and contemporary human communities to theoretically informed predictions about how individuals and communities will respond to climate change now and in the future.
- Anne C Pisor, Anne C Pisor, James H Jones
- 2021
Jul 4, 2014 · According to new research published in Science, the ability of early humans to adjust to wild climate fluctuations likely enabled them to diversify, differentiate, and spread out of Africa 1.85...
3 days ago · Climate change - Human Impact, Causes, Effects: The history of humanity—from the initial appearance of genus Homo over 2,000,000 years ago to the advent and expansion of the modern human species (Homo sapiens) beginning some 150,000 years ago—is integrally linked to climate variation and change.
