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- A high voltage is passed through the sample in order to remove electrons and create positive ions. If the sample is molecular, such as Cl 2, the process breaks bonds in some of the molecules too.
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Aug 29, 2023 · Ions with 2 (or more) positive charges are deflected more than ones with only 1 positive charge. These two factors are combined into the mass/charge ratio. Mass/charge ratio is given the symbol m/z (or sometimes m/e). For example, if an ion had a mass of 28 and a charge of 1+, its mass/charge ratio would be 28.
- Introductory Mass Spectrometry
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- Fragmentation Patterns in Mass Spectra
The ion, X +, will travel through the mass spectrometer just...
- Mass Spectrometry
Since a mass spectrometer separates and detects ions of...
- Introductory Mass Spectrometry
Jan 30, 2023 · Since a mass spectrometer separates and detects ions of slightly different masses, it easily distinguishes different isotopes of a given element. This is manifested most dramatically for compounds containing bromine and chlorine, as illustrated by the following examples.
- C 6 H 12
- 84.0939
Stage 1: Ionization: Gas phase particles of the sample are ionized through a collision with a high energy electron yielding a positive ion. Stage 2: Acceleration: The ions are accelerated so that they all have the same kinetic energy and directed into a mass analyzer.
Principle. A mass spectrometer is the instrument used to perform mass spectrometry. It works by ionizing chemical compounds to generate charged particles (ions) and separate them. The resulting data provides valuable information about the molecular structure and composition of the sample.
- Ionization
- Ionization Sources
- Summary
Ionization method refers to the mechanism of ionization while the ionization source is the mechanical device that allows ionization to occur. The different ionization methods, summarized here, work by either ionizing a neutral molecule through electron ejection, electron capture, protonation, cationization, or deprotonation, or by transferring a ch...
Prior to the 1980s, electron ionization (EI) was the primary ionization source for mass analysis. However, EI limited chemists and biochemists to small molecules well below the mass range of common bio-organic compounds. This limitation motivated scientists such as John B. Fenn, Koichi Tanaka, Franz Hillenkamp, Michael Karas, Graham Cooks, and Mich...
The mass spectrometer as a whole can be separated into distinct sections that include the sample inlet, ion source, mass analyzer, and detector. A sample is introduced into the mass spectrometer and is then ionized. The ion source produces ions either by electron ejection, electron capture, cationization, deprotonation or the transfer of a charged ...
Mass analyzers separate the ions according to their mass-to-charge ratio. The following two laws govern the dynamics of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields in vacuum: = (+) (Lorentz force law);
The ions are separated, detected and measured according to their mass-to-charge ratios (m/z). Relative ion current (signal) is plotted versus m/z producing a mass spectrum. Small molecules typically exhibit only a single charge: the m/z is therefore some mass (m) over 1.
