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Feb 3, 2022 · The 19th Amendment extends voting rights to all women. The 26th Amendment extends the right to vote to everyone 18 years of age and older. Additionally, the 24th Amendment explicitly bans poll taxes, which often prevented low-income citizens of all races from voting.
- Guarantee of rights and freedoms – section 1 1. Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantees the rights and freedoms set out in it subject only to such reasonable limits prescribed by law as can be demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society.
- Fundamental freedoms – section 2 2. Everyone has the following fundamental freedoms: a) freedom of conscience and religion; b) freedom of thought, belief, opinion and expression, including freedom of the press and other media of communication;
- Democratic rights – sections 3 to 5. Democratic rights of citizens – section 3. Maximum duration of legislative bodies – section 4. Annual sitting of legislative bodies – section 5.
- Mobility rights – section 6. Mobility of citizens 6. (1) Every citizen of Canada has the right to enter, remain in and leave Canada. Rights to move and gain livelihood.
Until 1982, there was no constitutionally protected right to vote in Canada. Instead, the right to vote was provided by ordinary legislation which, at times, excluded parts of the population.
- Written Constitution. The written Constitution is Canada’s supreme law. It overrides any laws that are inconsistent with it. The Constitution of Canada includes the British North America Act, 1867; the Statute of Westminster, 1931 (to the extent that it applies to Canada); the Constitution Act, 1982; any amendments to these acts; and the acts and orders that brought new provinces and territories into the Canadian federation.
- Constitution Act, 1867. The British North America Act (now called the Constitution Act, 1867) merged three British colonies — the Province of Canada (present-day Ontario and Quebec), Nova Scotia and New Brunswick — into a new federation called Canada, with its capital in Ottawa.
- Parliament and the Legislatures. The federal Parliament is composed of the monarch and two houses: the Senate and the House of Commons. There are now 105 members of the Senate: 24 each for Ontario, Quebec, and the Maritimes (10 for Nova Scotia, 10 for New Brunswick, 4 for Prince Edward Island); 24 for the West (six each for British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba); six for Newfoundland and Labrador; and one each for Yukon, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut.
- Other Constitutional Statutes. Also part of the written Constitution are the acts and orders that admit new provinces and territories. These include: the Manitoba Act, 1870; the Rupert’s Land and North-Western Territory Order (1870); the British Columbia Terms of Union (1871); the Prince Edward Island Terms of Union (1873); the Adjacent Territories Order (1880); the Canada (Ontario Boundary) Act, 1889; the Alberta Act (1905); the Saskatchewan Act (1905); the Newfoundland Act (1949); and the Constitution Act, 1999 (Nunavut).
Even where the right to vote or eligibility to be a candidate is not directly denied, there may be a restriction of section 3 where the impugned law or government action interferes with the conditions under which these rights are exercised.
Parliament or a provincial legislature can limit fundamental rights, but only if it can show that the limit. is set out in a law; pursues an important goal which can be justified in a free and democratic society; and; pursues that goal in a reasonable and proportionate manner.
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Mar 18, 2007 · Section 3 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms states that, “every citizen of Canada has the right to vote in an election of members of the House of Commons or of a legislative assembly and to be qualified for membership therein.”.
