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Decades of epidemiological research have shown that body fat distribution influences disease risk independently of total body weight or body fat percentage (1, 2).
body weight has increased as the cube of height increase for different generations. From one generation to the other, weight has increased at a rate of 1 to 2 kg per centimeter of height.
- Subjects
- Anthropometric Parameters
- Weighting Protocol
- Physical Parameters
We enrolled a total of 72 male and 64 female Tunisian students aged 21 ± 2 and 22 ± 3 years old, respectively. The inclusion criteria were: (a) healthy student volunteers who practiced similar volume of physical activity as part of their university physical weekly training, i.e. 5 h per week; (b) male subjects exhibiting a % body fat around 17%; (c...
Body mass
Body mass was measured using a Tanita balance (model TBF-300). The subject must stand upright without assistance. It must stand still in the center of the weighing pan, the body weight evenly distributed over the two feet slightly apart. Shoes and clothing should be removed, except for underwear that can be kept. Body mass was recorded in kilograms ± 100 g.
Height
Subject height was measured using a measuring rod (graduated in centimeters; a standard anthropometric kit; Harpenden type, Switzerland) comprising a horizontal cursor which is brought into contact with the highest point of the head. The subject must be barefoot, and little dressed so that the experimenter can observe the positioning of his body as well as his posture. He should stand as straight as possible on a flat surface, the weight distributed evenly on both feet, heels joined, and the...
Body mass index
Body mass index (BMI in kg/m2) was calculated for each subject by dividing body mass (in kg) by the square of the height (in m).
Male students were weighted by wearing a loaded worn vest (CAPITAL SPORTS Monstervest). This vest features weight separately removable 30 kg metal weights and a soft padding all around and a adjustable nylon strap with Velcro. The ballasted weight (kg) was calculated as follows: 1. 1. ∆ Female/Male (%) body fat = % Female mean body fat − %Male mean...
Hand strength test
The handgrip (HG) force can be quantified by measuring the static force that the hand can exert around on a hand-held manual dynamometer (Takei Physical Fitness Test). The test protocol consisted of three maximal voluntary isometric contractions. Instructions and demonstrations were given to the participants according to the standard recommendations . The subjects were seated, elbows bent 90° and supported at the time of the measurement . We asked the subject to grasp and squeeze the...
Back strength test
Back strength (BS) was measured in kilograms (kg) using a back and leg dynamometer (type Takei Physical fitness test), previously described by Koley et al. [24, 25]. The subjects stood on the foot of the dynamometer, feet shoulder-width apart, and grabbed the handlebars positioned on the thigh. The length of the dynamometer chain has been adjusted so that the legs are straight, and the back is bent at an angle of 30° to position the bar at the kneecap. The subjects were then asked to straight...
Five jumps test
The 5 JT is a test reflecting the explosive force of the lower limbs. He was carried out in a covered sports hall, with a floor covered with wooden parquet. The distance in meters made by the subject during the five jumps was measured using a double decameter. The average performance per hop was obtained by dividing the total length of the 5JT by five (in m). From the right station, legs spread shoulder-width apart, the subject performs five leaping strides. He jumped on one leg (right or lef...
- Ghassen Ben Mansour, Ghassen Ben Mansour, Asma Kacem, Mohamed Ishak, Laurent Grélot, Foued Ftaiti, F...
- 2021
Qualitative aspects of diet may affect body composition and propensity for weight gain or loss. We tested the hypothesis that consumption of a relatively low glycemic load (GL) diet would reduce total and visceral adipose tissue under both eucaloric ...
Dec 2, 2020 · From this, we can see how increases in muscle size can lead to increased strength. Over. time, strength training will result in increased lean muscle mass, meaning body weight that is supplied solely by the muscles. When a muscle gets bigger, we say that its cross-sectional area increases.
Jul 6, 2018 · Hence, the effects of obesity on the contractile performance of skeletal muscle may cause a negative obesity cycle: reduced mobility is likely to lead to lower activity levels and energy use, thereby causing further weight gain and consequently a reduction in quality of life (Busutil et al., 2017).
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Dec 28, 2017 · Why is body composition important? Because not all weight is equal in terms of tissue composition and distribution. To support optimal health, favourable levels of lean mass versus fat mass decreases the risk of sarcopenia, associated bone loss and metabolic syndrome.
