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Aug 4, 2007 · The Phoenix Mars Lander was the first mission to explore the Arctic region of Mars at ground level. Phoenix was launched from the Kennedy Space Centre aboard a Delta II rocket at 5:26 a.m. ET on August 4, 2007. It landed near Mars's northern polar cap on May 25, 2008 in an area known as Vastitas Borealis, where it continued to operate ...
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Dec 18, 2019 · SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA—Earlier this year, researchers installed the world's highest weather station on the upper reaches of Mount Everest.The roughly 50-kilogram station, taller than a person, is one of five on and near the mountain that are collecting data about jet steam winds and warming conditions in High Mountain Asia, a region jam-packed with the most glaciers outside of Earth's poles.
1. What is the role of the Space Weather Prediction Center? To deliver space weather products and services that meet the evolving needs of the nation. The Space Weather Prediction Center gathers, in real time, the available data that describes the state of the Sun, Heliosphere, Magnetosphere, and Ionosphere to form a picture of the environment ...
Feb 29, 2024 · This satellite-to-ground link (SGL) describes the communication between a satellite and a ground station. If the ground station transmits a signal up to a satellite, this is an uplink signal. When a satellite transmits a signal down to a ground station, this is a downlink signal. The International Space Station’s pass seen in the skies over ...
- Abstract
- Fewer Problems
- Challenges
- Radiation Screens
- Blowing in The Wind
- The Exposure Problem
- Concluding Remarks
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With the first humans likely to set foot on Mars this century, it would be useful to understand the weather on the Red Planet. But better knowledge of the weather and climate of another planet would have wider significance, too, especially in the field of astrobiology. So far, the only meteorological measurements made on the surface of Mars have co...
On the positive side, there are far fewer problems in operating a weather station on Mars compared to Earth: there are none of the many difficulties associated with liquid water, water vapour and ice, nor are there damaging strong winds. And it is in the operational sense that many benefits ensue: no cities encroaching on the sites of stations to p...
But you cannot simply send a terrestrial AWS to Mars: it wouldn't work. For one thing, they are too big and too heavy, but there are more subtle factors, which we explore here. For thermometers, it is vital to get the exposure correct, otherwise large errors can occur. If a thermometer of any type, be it a mercury-in-glass thermometer or the most c...
There are two ways that a terrestrial thermometer can be made to read just the temperature of the air around it. The first is to ensure that every object in view of it is at air temperature, usually achieved by enclosing the thermometer in a screen that keeps out all external radiation, but which itself attains a temperature as close as possible to...
Rotating cup anemometers and wind vanes are still widely used with AWSs on Earth to measure wind speed and direction (figure 4). This type of sensor has proved to be extremely reliable and can operate for decades; they have a beautiful, rugged simplicity to them. Closely related to vanes and cups are the Telltale sensor on the Phoenix lander (Gunnl...
Martian dust is a serious problem for meteorologists. Conventional AWSs have proved to be quite resilient in deserts, although sand-blasting of glass and of anodized aluminium can be a problem (figure 1). Desert environments on Earth would seem to present similar dust problems to those on Mars, but there is an important difference. The dust on Mars...
All meteorological instrumentation on Mars has, so far, been included as part of a lander or rover, which has limited what can be achieved and the accuracy of the measurements – not to mention the limited sample sites and durations across the whole planet. Research is needed in both instrument design and development to make reliable, long-lived sen...
Dr Ian Strangewaysis an environmental instrumentation consultant, director of TerraData and former head of applied physics at the Institute of Hydrology
- Ian Strangeways
- 2021
The science of space weather. Earth's magnetosphere is a region of space dominated by our planet's magnetic field. The magnetosphere protects Earth from most of the solar wind, a flow of charged particles streaming out from the Sun. However, some particles are able to penetrate this shield and reach the ionosphere, giving rise to space weather ...
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Dec 10, 2021 · Space weather refers to conditions in the solar system produced by the Sun’s activity. Just as weather is always occurring on Earth, space weather is ongoing. Even without major solar activity, satellites and communications systems can be impacted by variability in the density and composition of the near-earth environment. “Space isn’t ...
