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Nearly 11 million liters of Agent Orange were handled on the base. Today, several areas on the Da Nang Base including the loading, storage and mixing areas and Sen Lake to the north and the Pacer Ivy area at the south of the base have been confirmed to have high levels of dioxin.
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It was also discovered that, before they were destroyed, the surplus inventories of Agent Orange from Gulfport, MS, and Johnston Island, in the Pacific, contained between 6.2 to 14.3 ppt of Dioxin. Earlier testing found a barrel on Johnston as high as 47 ppt, that may have been Agent Purple used from 1962 to 1965 that was known to have higher concentrations of Dioxin than found in Agent Orange.
Feb 21, 2015 · Features, Fringe, Print. The Enduring Legacy of Agent Orange in Vietnam. February 21, 2015November 25, 2015. By Zoe Rubin. This year, The New York Times’ annual “52 Places to Go” feature spotlighted Da Nang, Vietnam. Once a “coastal gateway,” the paper argued, the central Vietnamese city had become a “destination in its own right.”.
- 1 Selection of At-Sea Incineration and Discussion of Alternative Methods
- 2 Operation Pacer Ho
- 3 Description of Land-Based Operations
- 4 Operations at The Naval Construction Battalion Center
- 5 Operations at Johnston Island, Central Pacific Ocean
- 6 Land-Based and Shipboard Air Monitoring Programs
- 7 Brief Description of Shipboard Operations
- 8 The Termination of Operation Pacer Ho
In 1972, a draft environmental statement proposed destruction of the Agent Orange stocks by a commercial land-based incinerator facility in the United States (Department of the Air Force 1972). Public comments to this draft statement led the Air Force to continued studies on incineration, as well as additional alternative disposal methods. From 197...
The preparation for Operation PACER HO began immediately after EPA issued the permit for the destruction of Agent Orange by at-sea incineration. It required the dedication and coordination of military and civilian personnel from numerous Federal and State agencies and from military installations in Texas, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Ohio, Hawaii...
The operations at both storage sites were similar in many ways. At both sites, the 208-l drums of Agent Orange were transported short distances from their storage location to a centralized facility. The herbicide was drained from the drums and transferred to the M/T Vulcanus. Following emptying, the drums were rinsed with diesel fuel, and subsequen...
The centralized de-drumming facility at the NCBC was a temporary, enclosed facility with a ventilation system capable of providing 57 air changes per hour through in-line activated charcoal filters (Doane 1979a; Tremblay 1983). Within this facility were four identical processing lines, each manned with a crew and each assigned to a specific activit...
The centralized de-drum facility at Johnston Island was a temporary, open facility consisting of a concrete pad, roof, and moveable canvas walls to exclude rain (Fig. 4.32). This open facility was located adjacent to the Herbicide Orange storage site on the northwest end of Johnston Island. Nearly constant easterly winds ranging from 4.8 to 9.5 m p...
Both environmental and occupational monitoring was accomplished at each land site and aboard the M/T Vulcanus. Essentially, the same equipment, methods and procedures were used at both NCBC and Johnston Island. All sampling at NCBC was accomplished by members of the USAF Occupational and Environmental Health Laboratory (USAF OEHL), Brooks AFB, Texa...
The M/T Vulcanus, converted in 1972 from a bulk carrier, was designed to carry approximately 3,500 cubic meters of liquid wastes. Two high temperature incinerators were installed on the aft of the vessel. Depending upon the characteristics of a given waste, the ship incinerators operated up to 25 metric tons per hour. The normal incinerator operati...
The last drum of Agent Orange to be processed at Johnston Island was on 23 August 1977 (Fig. 4.37). The first loading on the ship had occurred at Gulfport; the second loading of the ship was 27 July–5 August; and, the third and final loading occurred on 17–23 August (Thomas et al. 1978). The M/T Vulcanus conducted incineration burns 13–25 July, 7–1...
- Alvin L. Young
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- 2009
May 13, 2019 · The canal is heavily contaminated with the most toxic substance ever created by humans: dioxin, the unintended byproduct of the defoliant known as Agent Orange, for the color-coded band on the 55-gallon barrels in which it was stored before being loaded onto the lumbering C-123 aircraft at the Bien Hoa base and sprayed over vast areas of Vietnam. During the U.S. Air Force campaign known as ...
Apr 15, 2015 · Office of National Steering Committee 33, in cooperation with national and international experts, published the first edition of “Comprehensive Report Agent Orange/Dioxin Contamination at three hotspots: Bien Hoa, Da Nang, Phu Cat Airbases” in 2011. This Comprehensive Report summarizes results from valuable reports carried out by Ministry of National Defense, Office 33, Committee 10-80 ...
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Sep 13, 2023 · Between 1961 and 1971, US forces sprayed an estimated 12 million gallons of Agent Orange in Vietnam. The effects remain one of the most contentious legacies of the Vietnam War. This report focuses on the hardships faced by Vietnamese people living with Agent Orange–related health problems and disabilities and suggests ways the US and Vietnamese governments can better address the legacy of ...
