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4003, 10-bit shift register. 4004, 4-bit central processing unit (CPU) (the microprocessor) with a maximum clock speed of 750 kHz. Complete 4004 chip-sets were sent to Busicom early in 1971 and by March Shima had built a working 141-PF calculator.
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Busicom 141-PF / NCR 18-36. Printout is 15 digits, using a...
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Expanded machine model 920/2 has 41 memories and 448 program...
- Busicom Le-120A "Handy"
Busicom LE-120A "HANDY-LE" Distinctive features: The first...
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There now followed five remarkable years for all concerned....
- Old Notes and Notices
Commodore Calculator Transistor Radio . Below are photos of...
- Sperry Remington Rand Calcs
By 1976, Sperry was out of the calculator business to focus...
- Nippon Calculator / Busicom Hl-21
Nippon Calculator / Busicom HL-21. Distinctive features:...
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Original article from The International Calculator...
- Busicom 141-Pf
CPU clock rate. The Intel 4004 is a 4-bit central processing unit (CPU) released by Intel Corporation in 1971. Sold for US$60 (equivalent to $450 in 2023 [2]), it was the first commercially produced microprocessor, [3] and the first in a long line of Intel CPUs. The 4004 was the first significant example of large-scale integration, showcasing ...
The single chip, using a p-channel semiconductor process, replaced 22 chips in the original Busicom Junior desktop calculator and reduced the number of circuit boards from two to one in the new version Busicom Junior. Note that separate transistors were still needed as high-voltage display drivers. The article continues ...
- Path to The 4004
- Making The 4004 et Al
- The Software Problem
- To Sell Or Not to Sell
- Contenders For The Title
We pick up the tale with Robert Noyce, who had co-invented the IC while at Fairchild Semiconductor. In July 1968 he left Fairchild to co-found Intel for the purpose of manufacturing semiconductor memory chips. While Intel was still a new startup living off of their initial $3 million in financing, and before they had a semiconductor memory product,...
In April 1970, Noyce hired Federico Faggin from Fairchild in order to do the chip design. At that time the block diagram and basic specification were done and included the CPU architecture and instruction set. However, the chip’s logic design and layout were supposed to have started in October 1969 and samples for all four chips were due by July 19...
Now that Intel had a microprocessor, they needed someone to write software. At the time, programmers saw prestige in working with a big computer. It was difficult enticing them to stay and work on a small microprocessor. One solution was to trade hardware, a sim board for example, to colleges in exchange for writing some support software. However, ...
Intel’s market was big computer companies and there was concern within Intel that computer companies would see Intel as a competitor instead of a supplier of memory chips. There was also a question about how they would support the product. Some at Intel also wondered whether or not the 4004 could be used for more than just a calculator. But at one ...
Most inventions come about when the circumstances are right. This usually means the inventors weren’t the only ones who thought of it or who were working on it. In October 1968, Lee Boysel and a few others left Fairchild Semiconductor to form Four-Phase Systems for the purpose of making computers. They showed their system at the Fall Joint Computer...
Nov 12, 2021 · The Intel 4004 first launched as part of the Busicom 141-PF calculator in mid-1971 (which you can simulate online in your browser). After a contract renegotiation with Busicom, Intel became free to sell the MCS-4 chipset to others.
Nov 15, 2021 · Actually, the first commercial product to use a microprocessor was the Busicom calculator 141-PF. The 4004 was also used in the first microprocessor-controlled pinball game, a prototype produced by Dave Nutting Associates for Bally in 1974.
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Busicom 141-PF / NCR 18-36. Printout is 15 digits, using a Shinshu Seiki (later to become Epson) type 102 line printer. The line printer has all the numbers required in all the printing columns in raised type around a constantly rotating drum just behind the paper tape.
