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1. • • Between 1962 and late 1973, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) designed and built 10 robotic interplanetary probes named Mariner to explore the inner Solar System – visiting the planets Venus, Mars and Mercury for the first time, and returning to Venus and Mars for additional close observations.
     en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariner_program

     Mariner program - Wikipedia

2. www.nasa.gov › history › 45-years-ago-mariner-10-off45 Years Ago, Mariner 10 Off to Venus and Mercury - NASA

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   Nov 5, 2018 · Two American spacecraft, Mariner 2 in 1962 and Mariner 5 in 1967, studied Venus during their fly-bys and revealed much about the planet’s atmosphere, showing it to be much hotter (527o C) and denser (75-100 atmospheres) than previously expected, and found only a very weak magnetic field.

   • Mariner 10

     Mariner 10 was the first spacecraft sent to the planet...

   • Mariner Program

     The final mission in the series, Mariner 10, flew past Venus...

   • Mercury: Exploration

     The first spacecraft to visit Mercury was NASA's Mariner 10,...

3. www.planetary.org › space-missions › every-mercuryEvery mission to Mercury ever | The Planetary Society

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   NASA's MESSENGER (MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging) was the first spacecraft to orbit Mercury. MESSENGER gave us a more complete picture of the planet than ever before. The spacecraft revealed Mercury to have an unusually large core and an offset magnetic field.

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5. science.nasa.gov › mission › mariner-10Mariner 10 - Science@NASA

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   Mariner 10 was the first spacecraft sent to the planet Mercury; the first mission to explore two planets (Mercury and Venus) during a single mission; the first to return to its primary destination for another look; and the first to use a gravity assist to change its flight path.

   • Nation: United States of America (USA)
   • Spacecraft: Mariner-73J / Mariner-J

   • Objective (s): Mercury Flyby, Venus Flyby
   • Spacecraft Mass: 1,100 pounds (502.9 kilograms)

6. www.nasa.gov › history › 45-years-ago-mariner-1045 Years Ago: Mariner 10 First to Explore Mercury - NASA

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   Mar 29, 2019 · In 1969, NASA approved a plan to send a spacecraft to Mercury, using Venus for a gravity assist. The mission, managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California, became Mariner 10.

7. science.nasa.gov › mission › mariner-programMariner Program - NASA Science

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   The final mission in the series, Mariner 10, flew past Venus before going on to Mercury for a total of three flybys. Mariner 9 became the first spacecraft to orbit another planet when it reached Mars in 1971.

8. science.nasa.gov › mercury › explorationMercury: Exploration - NASA Science

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   The first spacecraft to visit Mercury was NASA's Mariner 10, which imaged about 45% of the surface. NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft flew by Mercury three times and orbited the planet for four years before crashing on its surface at the end of its mission.

9. People also ask

   When did NASA send a spacecraft to Mercury?

   • In 1969, NASA approved a plan to send a spacecraft to Mercury, using Venus for a gravity assist. The mission, first known as Mariner Venus Mercury, was later renamed Mariner 10 and managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.

   45 Years Ago, Mariner 10 Off to Venus and Mercury - NASA

   www.nasa.gov/history/45-years-ago-mariner-10-off-to-venus-and-mercury/

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   What was the first spacecraft to visit Mercury?

   • The first spacecraft to visit Mercury was NASA's Mariner 10, which imaged about 45% of the surface. NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft flew by Mercury three times and orbited the planet for four years before crashing on its surface at the end of its mission. The European Space Agency and JAXA launched a joint mission to Mercury in 2018.

   Mercury: Exploration - NASA Science

   science.nasa.gov/mercury/exploration/

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   Can a spacecraft visit both Venus and Mercury?

   • A unique opportunity presented itself in 1973 to send a spacecraft to visit both Venus and Mercury in a single mission. Using gravity assist, a technique theorized for decades but never used before, under favorable conditions a spacecraft sent to one planet can use that planet’s gravitational force to essentially slingshot on to its next target.

   45 Years Ago, Mariner 10 Off to Venus and Mercury - NASA

   www.nasa.gov/history/45-years-ago-mariner-10-off-to-venus-and-mercury/

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   How many spacecraft have explored Mercury?

   • This high-resolution mosaic of images shows Mercury as it appeared to MESSENGER as the spacecraft departed the planet following the mission's first flyby of Mercury. Three spacecraft have explored Mercury. The first spacecraft sent to study Mercury. The first spacecraft to orbit Mercury. An international mission comprised of two spacecraft.

   Mercury: Exploration - NASA Science

   science.nasa.gov/mercury/exploration/

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   How many times did Mariner 10 fly past Venus?

   • The final mission in the series, Mariner 10, flew past Venus before going on to Mercury for a total of three flybys. Mariner 9 became the first spacecraft to orbit another planet when it reached Mars in 1971. The Mariners were a series of twin spacecraft . Each launched on a different rocket in case of problems with the other.

   Mariner Program - NASA Science

   science.nasa.gov/mission/mariner-program/

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   How many times did Mariner 10 visit Venus and Mercury?

   • In just over 500 days, on a journey of more than a billion kilometers, Mariner 10 visited Venus once and Mercury three times, returning 7,000 photographs and greatly expanding our understanding of both planets. It also photographed the Earth and Moon and studied Comet Kohoutek.

   45 Years Ago, Mariner 10 Off to Venus and Mercury - NASA

   www.nasa.gov/history/45-years-ago-mariner-10-off-to-venus-and-mercury/

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10. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Mariner_programMariner program - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Mariner_program

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    Between 1962 and late 1973, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) designed and built 10 robotic interplanetary probes named Mariner to explore the inner Solar System – visiting the planets Venus, Mars and Mercury for the first time, and returning to Venus and Mars for additional close observations.