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Apr 11, 2011 · A final tally of the space shuttle program's lifetime costs puts the price tag at $1.5 billion per flight, a new analysis shows. The analysis reveals that, as of the end of 2010, the space...
- Most Memorable Space Shuttle Missions
The space shuttle Discovery added another notable launch to...
- A Tribute
NASA . Like a rising sun, space shuttle Discovery rockets...
- Most Memorable Space Shuttle Missions
Jul 5, 2011 · Recent NASA estimates peg the shuttle program's cost through the end of last year at $209 billion (in 2010 dollars), yielding a per-flight cost of nearly $1.6 billion. And the orbiter fleet...
Per-launch costs can be measured by dividing the total cost over the life of the program (including buildings, facilities, training, salaries, etc.) by the number of launches. With 135 missions, and the total cost of US$192 billion (in 2010 dollars), this gives approximately $1.5 billion per launch over the life of the Shuttle program. [20]
- Nomenclature
- I. Introduction
- II. The history of space launch costs
- III. The reasons for the decline in launch costs
- IV. The implications of the decline in launch costs
- V. Conclusion
Design, Development, Test and Evaluation International Space Station Low Earth Orbit NASA Air Force Cost Model
THE cost of space launch dropped from very high levels in the first decade of the space age but then remained high for decades and was especially high for the space shuttle. In the most recent decade, commercial rocket development has reduced the typical space launch cost by a factor of 20 while NASA’s launch cost to ISS has declined by a factor of...
The mass that launch systems can deliver depends on the destination orbit. Launch systems are usually compared using the launch cost per kilogram to Low Earth Orbit (LEO). The cost for cargo to the International Space Station (ISS) is higher since the payload is lower because ISS is in a higher inclination orbit to accommodate Russian launch sites.
The technical problems leading to high space launch costs have been identified and cures proposed, but the long delay until the recent reduction in launch costs suggests that cultural and institutional barriers have hindered implementing potential technical improvements. The next sections discuss the technical and institutional reasons for the decl...
High launch costs have been considered the major barrier to further advances in space. Lower launch costs are expected to increase exploration, exploitation, and human expansion. The major customers for launch services are commercial satellites, the military, and NASA. The commercial market, the military, and civilian government are three different...
The cost of space launch has been substantially reduced. This provides greatly expanded opportunities to exploit space for commercial users, the military, and NASA. The commercial competitive launch approach sponsored by NASA provided an unconstrained environment that allowed a focused management to cut costs using good engineering. Competition dri...
- Harry W. Jones
- 2018
The original May 1988 launch date would have allowed Magellan to reach Venus in 4 months by traveling less than 180 degrees around the Sun via a Type-I trajectory. Thus, the $551 million mission (see Table 2-1) and the spacecraft that will soon arrive at Venus are much different than NASA had planned a decade earlier, yet the basic scientific ...
May 2, 2024 · The first available launch window for a four-month flight occurred in October 1989, but the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft needed that opportunity as it required a gravity-assist at Venus to get it to its final destination. Specialists settled on a longer flight time for Magellan to use the earlier April-May 1989 window.
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What was the first spacecraft to visit Venus?
Nov 9, 2017 · Dozens of spacecraft have launched to explore Venus, but not all have been successful. NASA's Mariner 2 was the first spacecraft to visit any planet beyond Earth when it flew past Venus on Dec. 14, 1962. NASA is planning two new missions to Venus: VERITAS, and DAVINCI.
