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NASA spent $10.6 billion to develop the Space Shuttle and its related components, including the solid rocket boosters, external tank, and the RS-25 main engines. This also includes $444 million in construction costs to build out the shuttle's production, launch, and processing facilities.
Apr 11, 2011 · A final tally of the space shuttle program's lifetime costs puts the price tag at $1.5 billion per flight, a new analysis shows. The analysis reveals that, as of the end of 2010, the...
- Nomenclature
- I. Introduction
- II. The history of space launch costs
- III. The reasons for the decline in launch costs
- IV. The implications of the decline in launch costs
- V. Conclusion
Design, Development, Test and Evaluation International Space Station Low Earth Orbit NASA Air Force Cost Model
THE cost of space launch dropped from very high levels in the first decade of the space age but then remained high for decades and was especially high for the space shuttle. In the most recent decade, commercial rocket development has reduced the typical space launch cost by a factor of 20 while NASA’s launch cost to ISS has declined by a factor of...
The mass that launch systems can deliver depends on the destination orbit. Launch systems are usually compared using the launch cost per kilogram to Low Earth Orbit (LEO). The cost for cargo to the International Space Station (ISS) is higher since the payload is lower because ISS is in a higher inclination orbit to accommodate Russian launch sites.
The technical problems leading to high space launch costs have been identified and cures proposed, but the long delay until the recent reduction in launch costs suggests that cultural and institutional barriers have hindered implementing potential technical improvements. The next sections discuss the technical and institutional reasons for the decl...
High launch costs have been considered the major barrier to further advances in space. Lower launch costs are expected to increase exploration, exploitation, and human expansion. The major customers for launch services are commercial satellites, the military, and NASA. The commercial market, the military, and civilian government are three different...
The cost of space launch has been substantially reduced. This provides greatly expanded opportunities to exploit space for commercial users, the military, and NASA. The commercial competitive launch approach sponsored by NASA provided an unconstrained environment that allowed a focused management to cut costs using good engineering. Competition dri...
- Harry W. Jones
- 2018
Jul 5, 2011 · Recent NASA estimates peg the shuttle program's cost through the end of last year at $209 billion (in 2010 dollars), yielding a per-flight cost of nearly $1.6 billion. And the orbiter fleet...
In 2010, the incremental cost per flight of the Space Shuttle was $409 million, or $14,186 per kilogram ($6,435 per pound) to low Earth orbit (LEO).
In 2009, NASA determined that the cost of adding a single launch per year was $252 million (in 2012), which indicated that much of the Space Shuttle program costs are for year-round personnel and operations that continued regardless of the launch rate.
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Jan 27, 2022 · How much does a space flight cost? Here’s a look at the cost per kilogram for space launches across the globe since 1960.
