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$37.3 billion
- In 2022, the value of international education services, as measured by total spending by international students in Canada ($37.3 billion) amounted to 23.1% of Canada’s total service exports to the world, and equaled 5.1% of Canada’s total merchandise exports.
www.international.gc.ca/education/report-rapport/impact-2022/index.aspx?lang=engEconomic impact of international education in Canada — 2022 ...
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Current education expenditure, tertiary (% of total expenditure in tertiary public institutions)
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Excel - Government expenditure on education, total (% of...
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- Historical Perspective on Financing Education
- Financing of Education Across The World
- Recent Funding Structures in OECD Countries
- International Financing Flows
When did the provision of education first become a public policy priority?
Governments around the world are nowadays widely perceived to be responsible for ensuring the provision of accessible quality education. This is a recent social achievement. The advancement of the idea to provide education for more and more children only began in the mid-19th century, when most of today’s industrialized countries started expanding primary education. The following visualization, plotting public expenditure on education as a share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for a number of...
How did the US finance the expansion of public education?
Public schools in the US educate more than 90% of all children enrolled in elementary and secondary schools.5 This is the result of a process of education expansion that relied heavily on public funding, particularly from local governments. The visualization shows the sources of revenues for public schools in the US over the last 120 years. As can be seen, states and localities are – and have always been – the main sources of funding for public primary education in the US. In fact, we observe...
How did France finance the expansion of public education?
The case of the US above shows that funding for public schools has been historically a responsibility of local governments. In other countries, such as France, the expansion of public education also took place initially with resources from local governments, but relatively quickly the fiscal burden was shifted to the national level. In France, this transition was associated with a sharp jump towards universal access and a concomitant reduction in regional inequalities. The following visualiza...
Is funding for education expanding?
The last two decades have not a clear trend in the share of income that countries devote to education. The following chart plots trends in public expenditure on education as a share of GDP. We can see an upward trend in some countries, but a downward trend in others. However, as incomes – measured by GDP per capita – are generally increasing around the world, this means that the total amount of global resources spent on education is increasing in absolute terms.
Is additional funding for education taking resources from other sectors?
The following visualization shows government expenditure on education as a share of total government expenditure. The available data also does not suggest a discernible global pattern here. The data does suggest, however, that there is large and persistent cross-country heterogeneity in the relative importance of education vis-a-vis other sectors, even within developing countries.
European countries tend to assign a lower share of public budgets to education, relative to the amount of their income that is devoted to education
Generally speaking, countries that spend a large share of their income on education also tend to prioritize education highly within their budgets. The following visualization presents a snapshot of government spending on education around the world. Specifically, this graph plots government expenditure on education as a share of GDP on the horizontal axis, and government expenditure on education as a share of total government expenditure on the vertical axis. As we can see, there is a positive...
Primary education continues to be publicly funded in industrialized countries
We have already mentioned that those countries that pioneered the expansion of primary education in the 19th century – all of which are current OECD member states – relied heavily on public funding to do so. Today, public resources still dominate funding for the primary, secondary, and post-secondary non-tertiary education levels in these countries. The visualization presents OECD-average expenditure on education institutions by source of funds.14
Publicly funded pre-primary education is more strongly developed in the European countries of the OECD
High-income countries tend to have better-developed pre-primary education systems than lower-income countries. However, within high-income countries, there is substantial heterogeneity in the extent to which pre-primary education is publicly financed. The visualization presents expenditure on pre-primary educational institutions as a share of GDP across the OECD. As can be seen, publicly funded pre-primary education tends to be more strongly developed in Europe than in the non-European countr...
Where does funding for education go to?
The largest part of funding devoted to education in OECD countries goes to finance current expenditures, mainly compensation of staff – specifically, teachers. The following two charts, taken from the OECD's report Education at a Glance (2015), highlight the labor-intensive nature of education. In the lower levels of education (i.e. primary, secondary, and post-secondary non-tertiary) the share of current expenditure is very large and exhibits little cross-country variation – between 90 and 9...
Education financing in developing countries has been bolstered by development assistance
Following the agreement of the Millennium Development Goals, the first decade of the 21st century saw an important increase in international financial flows under the umbrella of development assistance (often also called development aid, or simply 'aid'). The following chart shows total OECD development assistance flows for education by level, in constant 2013 US dollars, for the period 2002-2013. As it can be seen, there are two distinct periods: in 2003-2010 flows for education increased su...
The share of development assistance for education going to Sub-saharan Africa has decreased
The reductions in development assistance funds for primary education have been coupled with important changes in regional priorities. Specifically, the share of development assistance for primary education going to sub-Saharan Africa has been decreasing sharply since the agreement of the Millennium Development Goals. The following chart shows this: sub-Saharan Africa’s share in total aid to primary education declined from 52 percent in 2002 to 30 percent in 2013, while the continent’s share i...
Development assistance priorities have the ability to increase or reduce expenditure inequalities
We mentioned above that public spending on education has translated, in the long run, into lower inequality in education outcomes across most of the world. But for any given country, with a given income distribution and demographic structure, the extent to which public spending on education contributes to reducing inequality depends crucially on the way in which spending is focused across education levels. The recent UNICEF report The Investment Case for Education and Equityshows that in low-...
Canada education spending for 2022 was 11.05%, a 0% increase from 2021. Canada education spending for 2021 was 11.05% , a 1.18% increase from 2020. Canada education spending for 2020 was 9.88% , a 2.78% decline from 2019.
- 13.94%
- 14.14%
- 14.90%
Country Comparisons. Education expenditures compares the public expenditure on education as a percent of GDP. 197 Results. Clear Filters. Download Data.
Data on expenditures for Canada include preprimary education. In Japan, postsecondary nondegree programs were included in both secondary and postsecondary programs. Data adjusted to U.S. dollars using the purchasing power parity (PPP) index.
Jan 24, 2023 · In 2020/2021, total expenditures for elementary and secondary public and private schools increased by 6.1% from 2019/2020 to $85.6 billion. Compared with the previous five years, this increase was well above average, as spending increased to support schools at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.
We estimate that, in 2022 international students in Canada spent around $37.3 billion on tuition, accommodation, and discretionary items. The economic impacts presented in this report focus on the combined direct and indirect impacts associated with such spending.
