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This Article reviews recent case and statutory law concerning patients who refuse medical treatment. Among the special cases considered are: 1) the competent adult patient who refuses treatment on religious or privacy grounds; 2) the incompetent patient whose own wishes were never expressed, but whose family refuses treatment; 3) the ...
- Health Protection
- Health Promotion
- Community Health Promotion
- The Ottawa Charter For Health Promotion
HEALTH PROTECTION refers to a wide range of activities undertaken by public health departments and by government agencies such as the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC). Health protection spans primordial and primary prevention, and includes “food hygiene, water purification, environmental sanitation, drug safety, and other activities in which t...
While health protection focuses on removing negative influences on health, health promotion aims to enhance health, reflecting a philosophy of supporting communities and individuals to take charge of their own health. Beginning in the 1970s and 1980s, health promotion superseded health education (which had developed pamphlets and posters, run patie...
Health promotion is based on the argument that health behaviours are unlikely to change in a lasting manner unless environmental factors that give rise to them are also changed. This implies mounting a campaign that focuses on environmental change and community engagement, in addition to modifying individual behaviours. Just as individuals change w...
In 1986, Ottawa was the venue for an international conference sponsored by the WHO to establish the basic design principles for health promotion programmes.8 The resulting charter built on a 1981 Global Strategy to achieve health for all by the year 2000.9The charter set out a range of upstream and downstream approaches as outlined in the box below...
How do Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia affect capacity? Any disease or disorder that disrupts cognition — the brain’s memory and thinking processes — can impair a person’s decision-making capacity.
Nov 4, 2019 · The adage by Hippocrates (Fig. 1), better known by its Latin translation of the original Greek (vita brevis, ars longa, occasio praeceps), is an apt one for preventing disease.
- Constantine A. Stratakis, Scott A. Rivkees, Scott A. Rivkees
- 2020
May 22, 2020 · To achieve this goal, three key questions must be answered: first, how to identify those ostensibly healthy individuals at high risk of developing disease before they display clinical signs and...
- H. Hugo Caicedo, H. Hugo Caicedo, Daniel A. Hashimoto, Julio C. Caicedo, Alex Pentland, Gary P. Pisa...
- 2020
Chronotropic incompetence is common, an important cause of exercise intolerance, and an independent predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events and mortality. It is present in up to 1/3 of patients with HF and contributes to their prominent exertional symptoms and reduced quality-of-life.
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Dec 29, 2015 · The definition also recognizes the failure of an unplanned action that should have been completed (omission) as an error (IOM, 2004). The IOM report To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System distinguished among four types of error: diagnostic, treatment, preventive, and other (see Box 3-1).
