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Dipole–dipole interactions (or Keesom interactions) are electrostatic interactions between molecules which have permanent dipoles. This interaction is stronger than the London forces but is weaker than ion-ion interaction because only partial charges are involved.
Jan 25, 2023 · Keesom force (permanent dipole – permanent dipole): The Keesom force is a temperature-dependent interaction between rotating permanent dipoles. This force only occurs between two polar molecules (or other molecules with permanent dipole moments).
The Keesom interaction arises from a permanent dipole in another permanent dipole. The Debye interactions are defined as the attractive energy between a polar molecule and a nonpolar molecule (i.e., dipole-induced dipole interaction).
Dec 2, 2016 · Keesom interactions are dipole-dipole interactions, while London dispersion forces are induced dipole-induced dipole interactions. Both types of interaction contribute to van der Waals forces. Keesom interactions are the electrostatic interactions among the permanent dipoles of polar molecules.
Interaction potential energy between a polar and non-polar molecule. When a polar molecule is in close proximity to a non-polar molecule, the polarizing electric field is generated by the fixed dipole (p1) of the polar molecule. This induces a dipole in the electron cloud of the non-polar molecule.
Van der Waals forces are the sum of electrostatic forces existing between electrically neutral molecules over nanometer-scale distances. The electrically neutral particles may be permanent dipoles, induced dipoles, and nonpolar molecules and atoms.
Nov 13, 2022 · A permanent dipole can induce a temporary one in a species that is normally nonpolar, and thus produce a net attractive force between the two particles (Figure \(\PageIndex{9}\)). This attraction is usually rather weak, but in a few cases it can lead to the formation of loosely-bound compounds.
