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Like all waves, electromagnetic waves: transfer energy from one place to another ... can be refracted close refraction Process by which a wave changes speed and sometimes ... Gamma rays also ...
Radio Waves and Electromagnetic Fields. This simulation demonstrates wave propagation. The EM wave is propagated from the broadcast tower on the left, just as in Figure 15.2. You can make the wave yourself or allow the animation to send it. When the wave reaches the antenna on the right, it causes an oscillating current.
The effect of non-ionizing radiation on chemical systems and living tissue is primarily simply heating, through the combined energy transfer of many photons. In contrast, high frequency ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays are ionizing – individual photons of such high frequency have enough energy to ionize molecules or break chemical bonds.
Apr 8, 2008 · The electromagnetic spectrum describes different types of radiation, from visible light to gamma rays and more. Energy travels throughout the universe at the speed of light as radiation. What that radiation is called depends on its energy level. At the really high-energy end of the spectrum are gamma rays. They’re close cousins to the X-rays ...
- Transmission, Reflection, and Absorption
- Radio and TV Waves
- FM Radio Waves
- Radio Wave interference
- Microwaves
- Heating with Microwaves
- Infrared Radiation
- Visible Light
- Ultraviolet Radiation
- Human Exposure to UV Radiation
What happens when an electromagnetic wave impinges on a material? If the material is transparent to the particular frequency, then the wave can largely be transmitted. If the material is opaque to the frequency, then the wave can be totally reflected. The wave can also be absorbed by the material, indicating that there is some interaction between t...
The broad category of radio wavesis defined to contain any electromagnetic wave produced by currents in wires and circuits. Its name derives from their most common use as a carrier of audio information (i.e., radio). The name is applied to electromagnetic waves of similar frequencies regardless of source. Radio waves from outer space, for example, ...
FM radio waves are also used for commercial radio transmission, but in the frequency range of 88 to 108 MHz. FM stands for frequency modulation, another method of carrying information. (See Figure 5.) Here a carrier wave having the basic frequency of the radio station, perhaps 105.1 MHz, is modulated in frequency by the audio signal, producing a wa...
Astronomers and astrophysicists collect signals from outer space using electromagnetic waves. A common problem for astrophysicists is the “pollution” from electromagnetic radiation pervading our surroundings from communication systems in general. Even everyday gadgets like our car keys having the facility to lock car doors remotely and being able t...
Microwaves are the highest-frequency electromagnetic waves that can be produced by currents in macroscopic circuits and devices. Microwave frequencies range from about 109 Hz to the highest practical LC resonance at nearly 1012Hz. Since they have high frequencies, their wavelengths are short compared with those of other radio waves—hence the name “...
How does the ubiquitous microwave oven produce microwaves electronically, and why does food absorb them preferentially? Microwaves at a frequency of 2.45 GHz are produced by accelerating electrons. The microwaves are then used to induce an alternating electric field in the oven. Water and some other constituents of food have a slightly negative cha...
The microwave and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum overlap (see Figure 1). Infrared radiationis generally produced by thermal motion and the vibration and rotation of atoms and molecules. Electronic transitions in atoms and molecules can also produce infrared radiation. The range of infrared frequencies extends up to the lower limit...
Visible lightis the narrow segment of the electromagnetic spectrum to which the normal human eye responds. Visible light is produced by vibrations and rotations of atoms and molecules, as well as by electronic transitions within atoms and molecules. The receivers or detectors of light largely utilize electronic transitions. We say the atoms and mol...
Ultraviolet means “above violet.” The electromagnetic frequencies of ultraviolet radiation (UV)extend upward from violet, the highest-frequency visible light. Ultraviolet is also produced by atomic and molecular motions and electronic transitions. The wavelengths of ultraviolet extend from 400 nm down to about 10 nm at its highest frequencies, whic...
It is largely exposure to UV-B that causes skin cancer. It is estimated that as many as 20% of adults will develop skin cancer over the course of their lifetime. Again, treatment is often successful if caught early. Despite very little UV-B reaching the Earth’s surface, there are substantial increases in skin-cancer rates in countries such as Austr...
In a vacuum, all forms of electromagnetic radiation—whether microwaves, visible light, or gamma rays—travel at the speed of light (c), which is the speed with which all forms of electromagnetic radiation travel in a vacuum, a fundamental physical constant with a value of 2.99792458 × 10 8 m/s (which is about 3.00 ×10 8 m/s or 1.86 × 10 5 ...
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Jul 7, 2021 · Light. Gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet light, visible light (the visible rainbow), infrared light, microwaves, and radio waves are all forms of light, also called electromagnetic radiation. Together, they make up the electromagnetic spectrum. (That’s right, the radio waves that carry music from the station to your radio, the microwaves that ...
