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- Light-independent reaction is a series of biochemical reactions in photosynthesis not requiring light to proceed, and ultimately produce organic molecules from carbon dioxide. The energy released from ATP (produced during the light reactions) drives this metabolic pathway.
www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/light-independent-reaction
Using the energy carriers formed in the first steps of photosynthesis, the light-independent reactions, or the Calvin cycle, take in CO 2 from the environment. An enzyme, RuBisCO, catalyzes a reaction with CO 2 and another molecule, RuBP.
The Calvin cycle refers to the light-independent reactions in photosynthesis that take place in three key steps. Although the Calvin Cycle is not directly dependent on light, it is indirectly dependent on light since the necessary energy carriers ( ATP and NADPH) are products of light-dependent reactions.
- Light-Independent Reaction Definition
- Overview of The Calvin Cycle
- Summary of Calvin Cycle Reactants and Products
- References
What are light-independent reactions in photosynthesis? The light-independent reaction uses the electrons from the light-dependent reactions to energize the process, particularly during the conversion of inorganic compounds into organic compounds, such as carbohydrates. They do not require light or energy from the sun to initiate the reaction. Ligh...
What is the Calvin cycle or Calvin cycle definition in biology? In green plants, leaves have small openings known as stomata. Through these stomata, CO2enters the plant. From stomata, it reaches into mesophyll cells through the intercellular spaces. When carbon dioxide gets into the mesophyll cells, it circulates into the stroma of the chloroplast....
What does the Calvin cycle produce?
2 G3P, 2 NADP+, and 3 ADP molecules are formed in one round of the Calvin cycle. ADP and NADP+ are not actual products. They are further utilized by light-dependent reaction A molecule of G3P consists of 3 carbon atoms. For the Calvin cycle to continue to work, RuBP needs to be regenerated. For this, 5 carbon atoms from 6 of 2 G3P molecules are used. So in each round, there is only net production of 1 carbon.
G3P to Glucose
For the formation of 1 extra G3P, 3 carbon atoms are needed and consequently 3 turns of the Calvin cycle. Therefore, 6 rounds of the Calvin cycle are needed for the formation of one molecule of glucose. The extra G3P can be utilized for the formation of carbohydrates like sucrose, cellulose, and starch.
Products of light-independent reactions
These are the products of the light-independent reactions:
The Two Parts of Photosynthesis. (2021, January 4). Retrieved August 6, 2021, from https://bio.libretexts.org/@go/page/8997The Light-Independent Reactions of Photosynthesis. (11/19/2019). Retrieved August 6, 2021, from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-biology/chapter/the-light-independent-reactions-of-photos...Photosynthesis. (1996 – 2021). Retrieved August 6, 2021, from https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/photosynthesis/#:~:text=Photosynthesis%20is%20the%20process%20by,in%20the%20form%20of%2...The Light Independent Reactions. (2021). Retrieved August 6, 2021, from https://openoregon.pressbooks.pub/mhccmajorsbio/chapter/calvin-cycle/ Primary Function of the Calvin Cycle. (November 01, 201...Feb 2, 2023 · The pathway by which green plants and algae convert atmospheric carbon dioxide into food in the form of glucose is called the Calvin cycle. It is the second phase of photosynthesis that occurs after the light reaction. Since it occurs in the absence of light, it is also called the light-independent reaction.
The reactions that make up the process of photosynthesis can be divided into light-dependent reactions, which take place in the thylakoids, and light-independent reactions (also known as dark reactions or the Calvin cycle), which take place in the stroma.
Using the energy carriers formed in the first steps of photosynthesis, the light-independent reactions, or the Calvin cycle, take in CO 2 from the environment. An enzyme, RuBisCO, catalyzes a reaction with CO 2 and another molecule, RuBP.
The Calvin cycle, or the light-independent reactions, is the term used for the reactions of photosynthesis that use the energy stored by the light-dependent reactions to form glucose and other carbohydrate molecules (Figure 6.13).
