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  1. Using the energy carriers formed in the first steps of photosynthesis, the light-independent reactions, or the Calvin cycle, take in CO 2 from the environment. An enzyme, RuBisCO, catalyzes a reaction with CO 2 and another molecule, RuBP.

  2. The reactions that make up the process of photosynthesis can be divided into light-dependent reactions, which take place in the thylakoids, and light-independent reactions (also known as dark reactions or the Calvin cycle), which take place in the stroma.

  3. The Calvin cycle, or the light-independent reactions, is the term used for the reactions of photosynthesis that use the energy stored by the light-dependent reactions to form glucose and other carbohydrate molecules (Figure 6.13).

  4. The Calvin cycle refers to the light-independent reactions in photosynthesis that take place in three key steps. Although the Calvin Cycle is not directly dependent on light, it is indirectly dependent on light since the necessary energy carriers ( ATP and NADPH) are products of light-dependent reactions.

  5. Sep 14, 2024 · The light-independent stage of photosynthesis, also referred to as the Calvin cycle, occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast. This stage produces complex organic molecules, including (but not limited to) carbohydrates, such as: Starch (for storage) Sucrose (for translocation around the plant) Cellulose (for making cell walls)

  6. Nov 9, 2024 · Photosynthesis is a biological process through which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy, powering essential life functions on Earth. The process involves two main stages: the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent (Calvin cycle) reactions. These stages work together to produce glucose and ...

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  8. Jun 21, 2024 · The light-dependent reaction takes place within the thylakoid membrane and requires a steady stream of sunlight, hence the name light-dependent reaction. The chlorophyll absorbs energy from the light waves, which is converted into chemical energy in the form of the molecules ATP and NADPH .