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Data were extracted by two independent researchers. Since 2012, 99 estimates from 71 studies were published indicating a global autism prevalence that ranges within and across regions, with a median prevalence of 100/10,000 (range: 1.09/10,000 to 436.0/10,000). The median male‐to‐female ratio was 4.2.
Nov 1, 2024 · Over that period, autism prevalence across the lifespan rose from 2.3 per 1,000 people to 6.3 per 1,000 people. While this study offers insights into trends in autism diagnosis over time, it does not replace or contradict prevalence data from the CDC , and should not be viewed as a standalone measure of autism prevalence.
- Table of Contents
- Executive Summary
- Introduction
- Key Findings
- Closing Remarks
- Resources
- Covid-19 Statement
- About The Data
- Definition of Terms
- Acknowledgements
Purpose of this report
This report provides an overview of Canadian children and youth with diagnosed autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using data from the 2019 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth (CHSCY). It includes information on prevalence, age at diagnosis, health status, co-occurring long-term health conditions, functional difficulties and school experiences. This information will be used to build the evidence base required to inform public health action aimed to improve the health and well-being of Can...
About the data
The 2019 CHSCY is a national, cross-sectional survey that provides health-related information on Canadian children and youth. The survey is representative of the Canadian population aged 1 to 17 years as of January 31, 2019, living in private dwellings in Canada's ten provinces and three territories. Excluded from the survey's coverage are children and youth living on First Nation reserves and other Aboriginal settlements in the provinces, children and youth living in foster homes and in inst...
Key findings
According to the 2019 CHSCY, 1 in 50 (or 2.0%) Canadian children and youth aged 1 to 17 years were diagnosed with ASD. Of these individuals: 1. males were diagnosed approximately four times more frequently than females 2. just over half (53.7%) were diagnosed before the age of five 3. fewer, compared to those without ASD, reported having optimal general health (59.3% vs. 89.5%) and optimal mental health (39.0% vs. 84.1%) 4. over two-thirds (68.7%) had another long-term health condition, with...
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that can include impairments in speech, non-verbal communication and social interactions combined with restricted and repetitive behaviours, interests or activities.Footnote 1 Each person with ASD is unique, and the term "spectrum" refers to the wide variation in strengths and challeng...
Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder
According to the 2019 CHSCY, 1 in 50 (or 2.0%) Canadian children and youth aged 1 to 17 years were diagnosed with ASD 1. About 1 in 50 or 2.0% [95% confidence interval: 1.8, 2.2] of Canadian children and youth aged 1 to 17 years were diagnosed with ASD (Figure 1). 2. The highest prevalence of ASD was among those aged 5 to 11 years (1 in 40 or 2.5% [2.2, 2.8]), followed by those aged 12 to 17 years (1 in 53 or 1.9% [1.6, 2.2]) and those aged 1 to 4 years (1 in 91 or 1.1% [0.9, 1.4]). The preva...
Prevalence by province/territory
Prevalence of ASD in children and youth varied by province 1. The crude prevalence of ASD varied across Canada, ranging from 0.8%Footnote * [0.3, 1.4] in Saskatchewan to 4.1%Footnote † [2.6, 5.5] in New Brunswick (Figure 2). 2. The age-standardized prevalence was statistically significantly lower than the national average in Saskatchewan (2.1 times) and statistically significantly higher in New Brunswick (2.3 times). Whereas the age-standardized prevalence in the remaining eight provinces did...
Prevalence by household income
Prevalence of ASD in children and youth was highest among households in the lowest income quintile 1. Prevalence of ASD was highest in the lowest household income quintile (2.6% [2.1, 3.1]) and lowest in the highest household income quintile (1.1% [0.9, 1.4]) (Figure 3). 2. The prevalence of ASD in the three lowest household income quintiles were statistically significantly higher than the highest household income quintile. 3. Previous research on the association between ASD prevalence and ho...
This report represents the first analysis of Canadian children and youth with ASD using national survey data. According to the 2019 CHSCY, 2.0% of children and youth aged 1 to 17 years living in private dwellings in the ten provinces and three territories were diagnosed with ASD. These individuals were predominately male and close to half were not ...
For information, tools and resources aimed to support those with ASD and their caregivers visit: 1. AideCanada 2. Autism Canada 3. Autism Speaks Canada 4. Canadian Autism Spectrum Disorders Alliance 5. Canadian Pediatric Society: Autism Spectrum Disorder 6. Government of Canada: Autism Spectrum Disorder
COVID-19 has brought unprecedented changes to Canadians. Data from the 2019 CHSCY were collected prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. The information presented within this report reflect the experiences and challenges of Canadian children and youth with ASD at the time of data collection. The pandemic may have exacerbated the challenges faced by an alre...
Data source
Data used in this report are from the 2019 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth (CHSCY). The CHSCY is a national, cross-sectional survey that collected health related information on children and youth aged 1 to 17 years as of January 31 2019, living in private dwellings in Canada's ten provinces and three territories (response rate 52.1%).Footnote 12Footnote 13 The full unweighted sample size was 39,951, with 819 children and youth identified as having diagnosed ASD. Excluded from the...
Statistical methods
All estimates were weighted to be representative of the Canadian population age 1 to 17 and the bootstrap method was used to calculate variance estimates, including 95% confidence intervals and coefficients of variation. To determine whether differences between two independent estimates were statistically significant or not, the associated 95% confidence intervals were compared. Non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals between estimates were considered statistically significantly different. A...
Limitations
Findings within this report should be interpreted in light of: 1. reliance on self-reporting of health-related events with no third-party corroboration or verification of these self-reports 2. limited generalizability of the findings to the entire Canadian population aged 1 to 17 years due to the exclusion of some specific subpopulations 3. analytical limitations due to the available sample size when disaggregating data by specific characteristics of interest
Age-standardized Prevalence:
1. A summary measure of the prevalence that a study population would have if it had the same age structure as the standard population. Age-standardized prevalence is commonly used when comparing estimates over time (trend analysis) or when comparing estimates from different geographical areas or subpopulations.
Coefficient of Variation:
1. A statistical measurement of the reliability of an estimate in regard to the sampling variability. The coefficient of variation provides a relative measure of the sampling error as a proportion of the estimate. Coefficients of variation will increase as the variability of an estimate increases, and decrease as an estimate is more precise.
Confidence Interval:
1. A statistical measurement of the reliability of an estimate. The size of the confidence interval relates to the precision of the estimate with narrow confidence intervals indicating greater precision than those that are wide. The 95% confidence interval shows an estimated range of values that is likely to include the true value 19 times out of 20.
The Public Health Agency of Canada wishes to acknowledge and thank the following individuals for their contributions to this report: Public Health Agency of Canada contributors: 1. Sarah Palmeter 2. Siobhan O'Donnell 3. Claudia Lagacé 4. Mihaela Gheorghe 5. Matthew Krupovich External contributors: 1. Jonathan Lai, Executive Director, Canadian Autis...
Nov 1, 2024 · One of the key findings is that, while autism prevalence is rising in all children, the authors found larger increases among racial and ethnic minorities. For example, while autism prevalence in ...
May 16, 2024 · Prevalence of ASD. About 1 in 36 children has been identified with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) according to estimates from CDC's Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network. [Read Article] ASD is reported to occur in all racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups. [Read Article]
Jul 8, 2022 · The global prevalence of autism spectrum disorder: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. July 2022; ... dren, rising from 13.4/1000 in 2010 to 17/1000 in 2014 .
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Mar 3, 2022 · The most well-established is the Center for Disease Control (CDC) surveillance system implemented through the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network (Maenner, 2020), which has regularly published updated prevalence estimates of autism among 8-year-old children, and more recently among 4-year-olds, who live in up to 16 sites.
