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Johannes Kepler was a German astronomer. He discovered that the planets in the solar system have oval-shaped orbits. He was also the first person to correctly explain how humans see.
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The Renaissance astronomer and astrologer Johannes Kepler is best known for his discovery that the orbits in which the Earth and the other planets of the solar system travel around the Sun are elliptical, or oval, in shape.
May 23, 2020 · Johannes Kepler was a German astronomer, inventor and mathematician from the 17th century. He is best known for creating the laws of planetary motion. He was one of the most influential figures in the scientific revolution.
- Early Years
- Career
- Personal Life
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- Mathematics and Physics
- Cultural Influence and Eponymy
- Writings by Kepler
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Kepler was born on December 27, the feast day of St John the Evangelist, 1571, in the Free Imperial City of Weil der Stadt (now part of the Stuttgart Region in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. He was introduced to astronomy at an early age, and developed a love for it that would span his entire life. At age six, he observed the Great Comet of...
Working as a mathematics teacher at a seminary school in Graz, Kepler became an associate of Prince Hans Ulrich von Eggenberg. Later he became an assistant to the astronomer Tycho Brahe in Prague, and eventually the imperial mathematician to Emperor Rudolf IIand his two successors. Kepler's primary obligation as imperial mathematician was to provid...
In December 1595, Kepler was introduced to Barbara Müller, a 23-year-old widow (twice over) with a young daughter, Regina Lorenz, and he began courting her. Barbara and Johannes were married on 27 April 1597. In the first years of their marriage, the Keplers had two children (Heinrich and Susanna), both of whom died in infancy. In 1602, they had a ...
Mysterium Cosmographicum
Kepler's first major astronomical work, Mysterium Cosmographicum (The Cosmographic Mystery, 1596), was the first published defense of the Copernican system. In it, Kepler found a formula relating the size of each planet's orb to the length of its orbital period: from inner to outer planets, the ratio of increase in orbital period is twice the difference in orb radius. However, Kepler later rejected this formula, because it was not precise enough. Kepler thought the Mysterium had revealed God'...
Astronomia Nova
In this work Kepler introduced the revolutionary concept of planetary orbit, a path of a planet in space resulting from the action of physical causes. This idea was distinct from a previously held notion of planetary orb (a spherical shell to which planet is attached). As a result of this breakthrough astronomical phenomena came to be seen as being governed by physical laws. In Kepler's religious view of the cosmos, the Sun (a symbol of God the Father) was the source of motive force in the So...
Epitome of Copernican Astronomy
The Epitomecontained all three laws of planetary motion and attempted to explain heavenly motions through physical causes. Kepler contended that rotating massive bodies communicate their rotation to their satellites, so that the satellites are swept around the central body; thus the rotation of the Sun drives the revolutions of the planets and the rotation of the Earth drives the revolution of the Moon. In Kepler's era, no one had any evidence of Jupiter's rotation. However, Kepler argued tha...
Kepler wrote the influential mathematical treatise Nova stereometria doliorum vinariorum in 1613, on measuring the volume of containers such as wine barrels, which was published in 1615. Kepler also contributed to the development of infinitesimal methods and numerical analysis, including iterative approximations, infinitesimals, and the early use o...
Kepler has acquired a popular image as an icon of scientific modernity and a man before his time; science popularizer Carl Sagan described him as "the first astrophysicistand the last scientific astrologer". Directly named for Kepler's contribution to science are Kepler's laws of planetary motion; Kepler's Supernova SN 1604, which he observed and d...
Mysterium cosmographicum (The Sacred Mystery of the Cosmos) (1596)Astronomia nova (New Astronomy) (1609)Epitome astronomiae Copernicanae (Epitome of Copernican Astronomy) (published in three parts from 1618-1621)Harmonice Mundi (Harmony of the Worlds) (1619)Kepler's birthplace, in Weil der StadtAs a child, Kepler witnessed the Great Comet of 1577, which attracted the attention of astronomers across Europe.Karlová street in Old Town, Prague– house where Kepler lived. Now a museum.Johannes Kepler. (1571–1630). The Renaissance astronomer and astrologer Johannes Kepler is best known for his discovery that the orbits in which the Earth and the other planets of the solar system travel around the Sun are elliptical, or oval, in shape.
Aug 19, 2024 · Johannes Kepler, German astronomer who discovered three major laws of planetary motion. His discoveries turned Nicolaus Copernicus’s Sun-centered system into a dynamic universe, with the Sun actively pushing the planets around in noncircular orbits.
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May 11, 2023 · Johannes Kepler was a mathematician and astronomer who significantly contributed to planetary motions, logarithms, optics, and many more in science. Click for PDF and Google Slides worksheets.
