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Written and Illustrated by: Markus Motum. Maybe you remember when a little robotic spacecraft landed on a far-off planet. On August 6, 2012, the rover Curiosity touched down on the rocky surface of Mars — and now she’s ready to guide you through her journey firsthand. From idea to creation and beyond, this fact-filled, stylish book ...
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Curiosity: The Story of a Mars Rover; Endeavour’s Long...
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Mousetronaut Written by: Mark Kelly| Read by: Scott Kelly |...
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Luciana, Braving the Deep Written by: Erin Teagan Read by:...
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A Moon of My Own Written by: Jennifer Rustgi | Illustrated...
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The Incredible intergalactic Journey Home Written by: Lost...
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- 2.2.2 Geochronology
- 3.1.2 Coordinate systems
- 3.2 Gravity and topography
- 3.2.1 Gravity analysis
- 3.4 Heat flow
- k 1⁄4 qcpj: ð3:28Þ
- 3.4.2 Convection
- 3.5.1 Active dynamo
- 4.3 Crustal composition
- 4.3.5 Summary of martian crustal composition
- 4.4.2 Thermal inertia and rock abundance
- 5 Geology
- 5.1.1 Rocks and minerals
- 5.3.4 Mass movement
- H*(z)1⁄4H(z).
- 6.2.3 Convection
- 6.3.3 Winds
- 6.3.4 Atmospheric circulation
- 7.4 Water in the post-Noachian period
- 8 Search for life
- 8.6 Planetary protection issues
Many elements have isotopes that are unstable, decaying to a stable isotope in a well-defined period of time. The radioactive element is called the parent element while the stable decay product is called the daughter element. The amount of daughter element at any point in time depends on the original amount of the daughter element, the original amo...
Locating a feature on the surface requires defining a coordinate (or geodetic) grid. Latitude is measured in two ways because of Mars’ oblate shape: aerographic latitude ( ) and aerocentric latitude ( ′). To obtain , one draws a best-fit reference sphere centered on the planet’s COM (Figure 3.2). A horizontal line tangent to the North P Local horiz...
If Mars were a homogeneous sphere, the trajectories of orbiting spacecraft could be accurately predicted and would suffer no deviations from the predicted orbit. Not only is Mars differentiated and thus heterogeneous but it also displays variations in topography and mass near the surface. The gravitational effects of these mass anomalies lead to de...
The gravitational acceleration (g) experienced by a spacecraft orbiting a planet of mass M at a distance of r from the planet’s center is
Surface heat flow measurements provide constraints on the distribution of heat-producing radioisotopes and the rate of mantle convection. Heat flux (Q) is the amount of heat flowing through a particular area in a certain amount of time. The two major mechanisms of heat flow in solid planets like Mars are conduction and convection. Conduction transf...
The rate at which layers gain (or lose) heat is given by
Convection is much more efficient than conduction at removing internal heat from a planet and dominates in the deeper parts of a planet’s interior. Convection occurs when the thermal gradient exceeds some critical value, causing hot material to rise and cooler material to sink. This occurs when material is hotter and therefore less dense than its s...
The basis of MHD analysis is Maxwell’s equations. Faraday’s law of inductance relates the electric (E) field to a time-varying magnetic (B) field:
The compositional diversity of the martian crust has been revealed through remote sensing observations, analysis of martian meteorites, and in situ investigations. Most of the compositional information has been obtained through various types of spectroscopic analyses.
Remote sensing, martian meteorite analysis, and in situ investigations by the landed missions all suggest that Fe-rich volcanic materials dominate on Mars. Compositions of the dust-covered bright regions are difficult to constrain, but the presence of ferric oxides suggests that much of this material is weathered Fe-rich Figure 4.19 Opportunity des...
Viking IRTM, MGS TES, MO THEMIS, and MER Mini-TES experiments have provided insights into the variation in grain size across the martian surface through measurement of the thermophysical characteristics of the regolith. Thermal inertia of the surface materials governs the daily thermal response of the surface to solar heating. The surface temperatu...
Solid bodies have their surfaces affected by geologic processes. By studying the current state of a planetary surface and applying our terrestrial experience of what features are associated with the different geologic processes, planetary geologists disentangle information about the geologic and thermal evolution of the body in question. Geologic p...
Understanding a planet’s geologic history requires development of techniques to read the record left by geologic processes. Solid bodies like Mars are composed of rocks, which are made up of minerals. A mineral is a naturally formed substance with a specific chemical composition. It can be composed entirely of one element or it can be a compound co...
Mass movement features are produced when gravity causes collapse. The rate of collapse can be rapid (as with avalanches) or slow (as in subsurface creep). Solid rock is more stable than unconsolidated materials, but removal of underlying sup-port (such as caused by erosion near the base of a cliff) can result in bedrock undergoing collapse. Additio...
A variety of heating sources drives atmospheric motions on Mars. Solar heating is the most important driver of atmospheric circulation, caused by the absorption of visible wavelength solar photons by the surface and within atmospheric layers with moderately large optical depths (i.e., near cloud layers). The martian surface and atmospheric dust par...
Convection dominates in the lower parts of the martian atmosphere. Heat is transferred between regions of different temperature through movement of the material. Convection occurs when a parcel of air in a planet’s atmosphere is slightly warmer than its surroundings. The parcel expands in an attempt to re-establish pressure equilibrium. However, th...
Gradients in pressure and temperature resulting from solar heating produce winds in an attempt to reduce these gradients. Atmospheric pressure and temperature gra-dients result from three major factors: seasonal changes, dust storms, and diurnal variations. The seasonal changes result from condensation and sublimation of CO2 and H2O from the polar ...
The general circulation of the martian atmosphere is driven by zonal and meridional winds, the Coriolis force, planetary waves, and seasonal condensation flow. Zonal winds and meridional circulation are produced by solar insolation through Hadley circulation, although the seasonal condensation flow also contributes to the mer-idianal component. Win...
The post-Viking view of Mars was of a planet where liquid water had been abundant during the planet’s early history but whose atmosphere had thinned by the end of the Noachian, transitioning into the cold dry conditions which exist to the present. Although evidence of recent aqueous activity was apparent in the Hesperian-aged outflow channels, thes...
The possibility of current (extant) or past (extinct) life on Mars has been of interest for centuries. Percival Lowell’s early ideas of intelligent life forms who engineered an elaborate canal system has been disproved, but the question of whether microbial life exists or has existed on Mars remains an area of intense debate.The question of martian...
The possibility that Mars may possess extant life forms or at least provide envir-onments where life forms could survive and replicate leads to issues of planetary protection. The basic tenet of planetary protection is that exploration must not jeopardize possible life forms throughout the solar system. The Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) is a...
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Overview. A Rover’s Story by Jasmine Warga (Harper Collins, 2022) is a middle-grade science fiction adventure that follows a Mars rover on its journey from first awareness to Mars and back. The book was an instant New York Times bestseller and a 2022 best book of the year for The Washington Post, Publishers Weekly, and IndiGo.
Softcover Book USD 44.99. Price excludes VAT (USA) Compact, lightweight edition. Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days. Free shipping worldwide - see info. This popular science book follows the story of NASA’s Mars 2020 mission, exploring the science and design behind the Perseverance rover and operations.
About the Book “Wherever you are in the world right now, I’m a very long way away.” So starts the story of the Mars rover Curiosity, whose first-person narrative describes how it got to Mars in 2012 and what it does there. The jaunty rover explains why NASA wants to explore Mars, relating what makes Curiosity a great vehicle for that ...
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