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Philip Anthony Jones،(sinh ngày 21 tháng 2 năm 1992)، là một cựu cầu thủ bóng đáchuyên nghiệp người Anhchơi ở vị trí trung vệ. Trước khi gia nhập Manchester United, Phil Jones từng chơi cho Blackburn Rovers. Mặc dù là một trung vệ, nhưng Jones cũng được nhiều huấn luyện viên sử ...
Wikipedia tiếng Việt hiện có 1.294.999 bài viết và 26.412 tập tin phương tiện. Từ khi dự án bắt đầu đi vào hoạt động lại tại 1 thời điểm vào năm 2003 cho đến tháng 2 năm 2005, có thống kê cho thấy Wikipedia tiếng Việt phát triển chậm hơn [9] từ tháng 3 năm 2005.
- Background
- Prelude
- Battle
- Aftermath
- Legacy
- See Also
- References
- External Links
Military situation
By 1953, the First Indochina War was not going well for France. A succession of commanders – Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque, Jean Étienne Valluy, Roger Blaizot, Marcel Carpentier, Jean de Lattre de Tassigny, and Raoul Salan – had proven incapable of suppressing the insurrection of the Viet Minh, who were fighting for independence. During their 1952–1953 campaign, the Viet Minh had overrun vast swathes of Laos, Vietnam's western neighbor, advancing as far as Luang Prabang and the Plain of Ja...
Nà Sản and the hedgehog concept
Navarre began searching for a way to stop the Viet Minh threat to Laos. Colonel Louis Berteil, commander of Mobile Group 7 and Navarre's main planner, formulated the hérisson ('hedgehog') concept. The French army would establish a fortified airhead by airlifting soldiers to positions adjacent to key Viet Minh supply lines to Laos.They would cut off Viet Minh soldiers fighting in Laos and force them to withdraw. "It was an attempt to interdict the enemy's rear area, to stop the flow of supplie...
Lead up to Castor
In June 1953, Major General René Cogny, the French commander in the Tonkin Delta, proposed Điện Biên Phủ, which had an old airstrip built by the Japanese during World War II, as a "mooring point". In another misunderstanding, Cogny envisioned a lightly defended point from which to launch raids; Navarre, however, believed that he intended to build a heavily fortified base capable of withstanding a siege. Navarre selected Điện Biên Phủ for Berteil's "hedgehog" operation. When presented with the...
Establishment of air operations
Operations at Điện Biên Phủ began at 10:35 on 20 November 1953. In Operation Castor, the French dropped or flew 9,000 troops into the area over three days, as well as a bulldozer to prepare the airstrip. They were landed at three drop zones: "Natasha" (northwest of Điện Biên Phủ), "Octavie" (to the southwest), and "Simone" (to the southeast). The Viet Minh elite 148th Independent Infantry Regiment, headquartered at Điện Biên Phủ, reacted "instantly and effectively". Three of its four battalio...
Giáp's change of strategy
Originally, the planned Viet Minh attack was based on the Chinese "Fast Strike, Fast Victory" model, which aimed to use all available power to thrust into the command center of the base to secure victory, but this was changed to the "Steady Fight, Steady Advance" model of siege tactics. The battle plan designed on the fast strike model was due to open at 17:00 on 25 January and to finish three nights and two days later. Nevertheless this start date was delayed to 26 January, because on 21 Jan...
Béatrice
The Viet Minh assault began in earnest on 13 March 1954 with an attack on the northeastern outpost, Béatrice, which was held by the 3rd Battalion, 13th Foreign Legion Demi-Brigade. Viet Minh artillery opened a fierce bombardment with two batteries each of 105mm howitzers, 120mm mortars, and 75mm mountain guns (plus seventeen 57mm recoilless rifles and numerous 60mm and 81/82mm mortars). French command was disrupted at 18:30 when a shell hit the French command post, killing the battalion comma...
Gabrielle
Following a five-hour ceasefire on the morning of 14 March, Viet Minh artillery resumed pounding French positions. The airstrip, already closed since 16:00 the day before due to a light bombardment, was now put permanently out of commission. Any further French supplies would have to be delivered by parachute. That night, the Viet Minh launched an attack on the northern outpost Gabrielle, held by an elite Algerian battalion. The attack began with a concentrated artillery barrage at 17:00. This...
Anne-Marie
The northwestern outpost Anne-Marie was defended by Tai troops, members of an ethnic minority loyal to the French. For weeks, Giáp had distributed subversive propaganda leaflets, telling the Tais that this was not their fight. The fall of Beatrice and Gabrielle had demoralized them. On the morning of 17 March, under the cover of fog, the bulk of the Tais left or defected. The French and the few remaining Tais on Anne-Mariewere then forced to withdraw.
Dien Bien Phu was a serious defeat for the French and was the decisive battle of the Indochina war. The garrison constituted roughly one-tenth of the total French Union manpower in Indochina, and the defeat seriously weakened the position and prestige of the French; it produced psychological repercussions both in the armed forces and in the politic...
Comparison with Khe Sanh
In January 1968, during the Vietnam War, the North Vietnamese Army under Võ Nguyên Giáp's command initiated a siege and artillery bombardment on the U.S. Marine Corps base at Khe Sanh in South Vietnam, as they did at Điện Biên Phủ. A number of factors were significantly different between Khe Sanh and Điện Biên Phủ, however. Khe Sanh was much closer to a US supply base (45 km or 28 mi) compared to Điện Biên Phủ's proximity to the nearest French base (200 km or 120 mi). At Khe Sanh, the U.S. Ma...
Battlefield today
Dien Bien Phu today is a popular Vietnam historical tourist attraction. It has a modern museum and much of the battlefield is preserved, including several of the fortified French positions, the bunkered French headquarters, the Viet Minh headquarters complex and a number of memorials. 1. A Soviet 37mm automatic air-defense cannonused by the Viet Minh during the battle. 2. Captured French artillery guns and other military vehicles, including an M24 Chaffee, displayed at the Dien Bien Phu Museu...
In popular culture
1. The battle was a subject in the 1992 French film Dien Bien Phu written and directed by Pierre Schoendoerffer, who had been present at the battle as a war cameramen. 1. The beginning of the 1966 film Lost Command starring Anthony Quinn showed the battle towards its end. The film was adapted from the French novel Les Centurions written by French journalist and former soldier Jean Lartéguy. 1. The 1989 pop rock song We Didn't Start the Fire by American artist Billy Joelmentions the battle ('D...
Boylan, Kevin; Olivier, Luc (2018). Valley of the Shadow: The Siege of Dien Bien Phu. Oxford: Osprey Press. ISBN 978-1472824370.Davidson, Phillip (1988). Vietnam at War: The History, 1946–1975. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-506792-4."Ðiên Biên Phú – The "official and historical site" of the battle". Archived from the original on 5 December 2006. Retrieved 8 December 2006.Fall, Bernard B. (1967). Hell in a Very Small Place. The Siege of Dien Bien Phu. New York: J.B. Lippincott Company. ISBN 0-306-80231-7."Battle of Dien Bien Phu". Archived from the original on 16 December 2007. Retrieved 2 April 2017., an article by Bernard B. FallNhiếp ảnh gia nổi tiếng Philip Jones Griffiths đến Việt Nam năm 1966 và làm việc cho Magnum Photos. Năm 1980 ông trở thành chủ tịch của Magnum Photos và... Năm 1980 ông trở thành chủ tịch của Magnum Photos và giữ cương vị này trong vòng 5 năm. Ông có...
viet nam. 2000. By the year 2000, the 25th anniversary of the end of the war, celebrations had a flavour commensurate with the realities of the new Viet Nam. The famous tank, number 843, that symbolised the moment of victory by crashing through the gates of the presidential palace, was replaced by a Japanese 4x4 wrapped in a cardboard replica accompanied by workers holding aloft their company ...
For letting a Vietnamese soldier take his spot in a helicopter rescue, while he stayed behind to attempt to hold off advancing Viet Cong by which he was overrun. Miguel Keith † Marine Corps: Lance Corporal: Quảng Ngãi Province, Republic of Vietnam: May 8, 1970: Sacrificed his life to single-handedly eliminate a group of enemy soldiers ...
VIETNAM. Cuanh nicknamed "Cu Teo" lived with his "grandparents", Tra Van Bao and Tran Dhi Hang, on their small plot of land about 10 kilometres north of Ben Tre. He does the same agricultural work as all the other peasants in the area and left school for the fields because the other children taunted him. Cuanh, when five year-old, abandoned by ...
