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Jan 10, 2024 · Pelvic pain. Pain or a sensation in the pelvis can be a sign of advanced prostate cancer. “As prostate cancer grows, it can start to invade the muscles in the pelvis or rectal wall,” says Chéry. “This can give you the sensation that you’re sitting on a ball because the prostate may be inflamed.”.
- Overview
- How prostate cancer is diagnosed and staged
- Stage 1 prostate cancer
- Stage 2 prostate cancer
- Stage 3 prostate cancer
- Stage 4 prostate cancer
- Prostate cancer stages at a glance
- The bottom line
Doctors classify prostate cancer by stages depending on how much it has spread in the body. Tumors may also receive a grading score based on the mutations of the cancer cells.
Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in males, only behind skin cancer. In 2018 alone, nearly 1.3 million new cases of prostate cancer were reported worldwide.
Prostate cancer tends to progress slowly and less aggressively than many other types of cancer. If you detect prostate cancer in the early stages, there’s a very high chance of survival. In the United States, the 5-year survival rate with prostate cancer is close to 98 percent.
Prostate cancer can be classified into four different stages, depending on how advanced it is.
In the first stage, the tumor is only affecting your prostate and hasn’t spread to other tissues. At stage 4, the tumor has spread to tissue beyond the prostate and possibly to distant parts of your body.
In this article, we take a deeper look at the different stages of prostate cancer. We also break down all the terminology you’ll need to understand about these stages.
Cancer staging helps you and your doctor understand how advanced your cancer is and how much it has spread at the time of diagnosis. Knowing your cancer stage also helps your doctor determine the best treatment options for you and estimate your chance of survival.
The most widely used staging system for cancer is the American Joint Committee on Cancer’s TNM system that classifies cancer from stage 1 to stage 4.
TNM stands for:
•Tumor: the size and extent of the tumor
•Nodes: the number or extent of nearby lymph node involvement
•Metastasis: whether cancer has spread to distant sites in the body
Stage 1 is the least advanced form of prostate cancer. Cancer in this stage is small and hasn’t spread past the prostate gland. It’s characterized by a PSA of less than 10 ng/mL, a grade group score of 1, and a Gleason score of 6.
Stage 1 prostate cancer has a 5-year survival rate of nearly 100 percent.
In stage 2, the tumor is still confined to your prostate and hasn’t spread to lymph nodes or other parts of your body. A doctor may or may not be able to feel the tumor during a prostate exam, and it may appear on ultrasound imaging. The survival rate is still near 100 percent.
The PSA score for stage 2 is less than 20 ng/mL.
Stage 2 cancer is further divided into three phases depending on the grade group and Gleason scores:
•Grade group: 1
Stage 3A
In this stage, cancer hasn’t spread outside of your prostate or to any lymph nodes. •Grade group: 1 to 4 •Gleason score: 8 or less •PSA: 20 ng/mL or higher
Stage 3B
Cancer at this stage has grown outside your prostate and may have spread to your seminal vesicles or other surrounding tissue. It hasn’t spread to lymph nodes or to other parts of the body. •Grade group: 1 to 4 •Gleason score: 8 or less •PSA: any level
Stage 3C
The cancer may or may not be growing outside your prostate, such as the lymph nodes or other nearby organs. •Grade group: 5 •Gleason score: 9 or 10 •PSA: any level
Stage 4 is the most advanced stage of prostate cancer and is divided into two letter groups. Stage 4 prostate cancer can have any grade group, PSA value, and Gleason score.
By stage 4, cancer has typically spread to distant parts of your body. If it has spread to other organs, the 5-year survival rate drops to about 30 percent.
Here’s a brief summary of how each stage of prostate cancer compares:
Prostate cancer is most commonly grouped into four stages based on the American Joint Committee on Cancer’s TNM system.
Higher stages of cancer are more advanced than lower stages. Knowing which stage your cancer is in helps your doctor determine the best treatment options for you.
- Daniel Yetman
Jan 30, 2019 · Stage I of prostate cancer: In this stage, the cancer is confined to the prostate only and has PSA levels less than 10. Stage I of prostate cancer cannot be felt in physical examinations because it is microscopic. Microscopic prostate cancers are contained in less than half of the lobe of the prostates.
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Stage 1. The cancer is only in the prostate, the Grade Group is 1, the PSA level is less than 10 and one of the following is true: The doctor can't feel the tumour or see it with imaging. It was found during a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or by a needle biopsy for a high PSA (cT1, N0, M0).
Dec 9, 2021 · Blood in the semen (hematospermia). 8. Pain or numbness. As prostate cancer progresses, it may cause pain in your lower back, hips or chest, or numbness in your legs or feet. Most people receive a ...
Jul 17, 2023 · The stage helps your doctor choose the best course of treatment for you. Stage I. The cancer is growing in your prostate but hasn’t spread beyond it. In most cases, the doctor can’t feel the ...
People also ask
Can Stage 1 prostate cancer be felt in physical examinations?
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Can early-stage prostate cancer cause symptoms?
What is a stage 1 prostate cancer?
How does a doctor determine a prostate cancer stage?
Treatment of stage IV prostate cancer may also include treatments to help prevent or relieve symptoms, such as pain from bone metastases. This can be done with external radiation (including stereotactic body radiation therapy, or SBRT) or with drugs like denosumab (Xgeva), a bisphosphonate such as zoledronic acid (Zometa), or a radiopharmaceutical such as radium-223, strontium-89, or samarium-153.
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related to: richard einhorn and prostate cancer symptoms at stage 1Share Educational Resources For Prostate Cancer Patients To Guide Them Through Treatment. See A Radioactive Therapy For Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.
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