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- Cell communication is the process by which cells interact and respond to signals from their environment or other cells. This involves a series of steps including signal reception, transduction, and response.
library.fiveable.me/key-terms/ap-bio/cell-communicationCell Communication - Vocab, Definition, and Must Know Facts ...
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Recognize the relationship between a ligand’s structure and its mechanism of action. There are two kinds of communication in the world of living cells. Communication between cells is called intercellular signaling, and communication within a cell is called intracellular signaling.
- 9.1B
The induction of a signaling pathway depends on the...
- 9.1B
- Paracrine Signaling
- Autocrine Signaling
- Endocrine Signaling
- Direct Signaling
- Internal Receptors
- Cell-Surface Receptors
- Small Hydrophobic Ligands
- Water-Soluble Ligands
Signals that act locally between cells that are close together are called paracrine signals. Paracrine signals move by diffusion through the extracellular matrix (Figure 9.2). These types of signals usually elicit quick responses that last only a short amount of time. In order to keep the response localized, paracrine ligands are usually quickly de...
When a cell responds to its own signaling molecule, it is called autocrine signaling (auto = “self”). Autocrine signaling often occurs with other types of signaling. For example, when a paracrine signal is released, the signaling cell may respond to the signal along with its neighbors (Figure 9.2). Autocrine signaling often occurs during early deve...
Signals from distant cells are called endocrine signals, and they originate from endocrine cells. (In the body, many endocrine cells are located in endocrine glands, such as the thyroid gland, the hypothalamus, and the pituitary gland.) These types of signals usually produce a slower response but have a longer-lasting effect. The ligands released i...
Gap junctions in animals and plasmodesmata in plants are connections between the plasma membranes of neighboring cells. These water-filled channels allow small signaling molecules to diffuse between the two cells. Small molecules, such as calcium ions (Ca2+), are able to move between cells, but large molecules like proteins and DNA cannot fit throu...
Internal receptors, also known as intracellular or cytoplasmic receptors, are found in the cytoplasm of target cells and respond to hydrophobic ligand molecules that are able to travel across the plasma membrane. Once inside the cell, many of these molecules bind to proteins that act as regulators of mRNA synthesis (transcription) to mediate gene e...
Cell-surface receptors, also known as transmembrane receptors, are integral proteins that bind to external signaling molecules. These receptors span the plasma membrane and perform signal transduction, in which an extracellular signal is converted into an intercellular signal. (Figure 9.5). Because cell-surface receptor proteins are fundamental to ...
Small hydrophobic ligands, also called lipid-soluble ligands, can directly diffuse through the plasma membrane and interact with internal receptors. Important members of this class of ligands are the steroid hormones. Steroids are lipids that have a hydrocarbon skeleton with four fused rings; different steroids have different functional groups atta...
Since water-soluble ligands are polar, they cannot pass through the plasma membrane unaided. Sometimes they are too large to pass through the membrane at all. Instead, most water-soluble ligands bind to the extracellular domain of cell-surface receptors (see Figure 9.5). This group of ligands is quite diverse and includes small molecules, peptides,...
- Katherine Mattaini
- 2020
General Principles of Cell Communication. Mechanisms enabling one cell to influence the behavior of another almost certainly existed in the world of unicellular organisms long before multicellular organisms appeared on Earth. Evidence comes from studies of present-day unicellular eucaryotes such as yeasts.
The study of cell communication focuses on how a cell gives and receives messages with its environment and with itself. Indeed, cells do not live in isolation.
The first stage is the electrical conduction of dendritic input to the initiation of an action potential within a neuron. The second stage is a chemical transmission across the synaptic gap between the presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic neuron of the synapse.
In order to properly respond to external stimuli, cells have developed complex mechanisms of communication that can receive a message, transfer the information across the plasma membrane, and then produce changes within the cell in response to the message.
Jan 15, 2021 · Cell signaling is the process of cellular communication within the body driven by cells releasing and receiving hormones and other signaling molecules. As a process, cell signaling refers to a vast network of communication between, and within, each cell of our body.
