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May 13, 2019 · The canal is heavily contaminated with the most toxic substance ever created by humans: dioxin, the unintended byproduct of the defoliant known as Agent Orange, for the color-coded band on the 55-gallon barrels in which it was stored before being loaded onto the lumbering C-123 aircraft at the Bien Hoa base and sprayed over vast areas of Vietnam. During the U.S. Air Force campaign known as ...
- In War-Scarred Landscape, Vietnam Replants Its Forests
By some estimates, forest cover in Vietnam declined by 50...
- In War-Scarred Landscape, Vietnam Replants Its Forests
In meeting Dr. Ronald A. Codario, one of the first civilian doctors to see affected patients, Mayerson, so impressed by the fact a physician would show so much interest in a Vietnam veteran, forwarded more than a thousand pages of information on Agent Orange and the effects of dioxin on animals and humans to Codario's office the day after he was first contacted by the doctor. [107]
- Operation Ranch Hand
- What Is Agent Orange?
- Dioxin in Agent Orange
- Effects of Agent Orange
- Veteran Health Issues and Legal Battle
- Legacy of Agent Orange in Vietnam
- Sources
During the Vietnam War, the U.S military engaged in an aggressive program of chemical warfare codenamed Operation Ranch Hand. From 1961 to 1971, the U.S. military sprayed a range of herbicides across more than 4.5 million acres of Vietnam to destroy the forest cover and food crops used by enemy North Vietnamese and Viet Cong troops. U.S. aircraft w...
The various herbicides used during Operation Ranch Hand were referred to by the colored marks on the 55-gallon drums in which the chemicals were shipped and stored. In addition to Agent Orange, the U.S. military used herbicides named Agent Pink, Agent Green, Agent Purple, Agent White and Agent Blue. Each of these—manufactured by Monsanto, Dow Chemi...
In addition to Agent Orange’s active ingredients, which caused plants to “defoliate” or lose their leaves, Agent Orange contained significant amounts of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, often called TCDD, a type of dioxin. Dioxin was not intentionally added to Agent Orange; rather, dioxin is a byproduct that’s produced during the manufacturing ...
Because Agent Orange (and other Vietnam-era herbicides) contained dioxin in the form of TCDD, it had immediate and long-term effects. Dioxin is a highly persistent chemical compound that lasts for many years in the environment, particularly in soil, lake and river sediments and in the food chain. Dioxin accumulates in fatty tissue in the bodies of ...
Questions regarding Agent Orange arose in the United States after an increasing number of returning Vietnam veterans and their families began to report a range of afflictions, including rashes and other skin irritations, miscarriages, psychological symptoms, type 2 diabetes, birth defects in children and cancers such as Hodgkin’s disease, prostate ...
In addition to the massive environmental devastation of the U.S. defoliation program in Vietnam, that nation has reported that some 400,000 people were killed or maimed as a result of exposure to herbicides like Agent Orange. In addition, Vietnam claims half a million children have been born with serious birth defects, while as many 2 million peopl...
The extent and patterns of usage of Agent Orange and other herbicides in Vietnam. Nature. Facts About Herbicides. Department of Veterans Affairs. Veterans Exposed to Agent Orange. Department of Veterans Affairs. Learn about Dioxin. EPA. Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2012. National Academies Press. Report to the Secretary of the Department of Ve...
Hotspots. At least two-thirds of the so-called “Rainbow herbicides” used during the war, a total of 20 million gallons, contained the Dioxin-contaminated phenoxy herbicide 2,4,5-T. It is estimated that the herbicides used, not just those contaminated with Dioxin, were up to 50 times the concentration recommended for killing plants.
Agent Blue, which consisted of dimethylarsinic acid (salt of cacodylic acid), was used primarily for crop destruction. Agent White was a mixture of 2,4-D and picloram. The herbicides that contained 2,4,5-T were contaminated with dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin [TCDD]).
- Jeanne Mager Stellman, Steven D. Stellman
- 10.2105/AJPH.2018.304426
- 2018
- 2018/06
The Google Earth-based tool was developed by the War Legacies Project. Google Earth image of heavily sprayed provinces in Vietnam (outlined in blue and purple). Dioxin hotspots become visible on the map by using Google Earth to zoom in on provinces. Google Earth image of the Da Nang Airbase (outlined in red above) in central Vietnam.
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Oct 4, 2017 · In the first generation, ... The U.S. and Vietnam are also undertaking a joint remediation program to deal with dioxin-contaminated soil and ... Agent Orange has become a contentious legal and ...
