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Sol Invictus (Classical Latin: [ˈsoːɫ ɪnˈwɪktʊs], "Invincible Sun" or "Unconquered Sun") was the official sun god of the late Roman Empire and a later version of the god Sol. The emperor Aurelian revived his cult in 274 CE and promoted Sol Invictus as the chief god of the empire.
Dec 27, 2023 · Sol Invictus, also known as the invincible sun or the unconquered sun, was the official sun god of the late Roman Empire. He was a later version of the classic sun god Sol, and he was dusted off and revived as “Invictus” in AD 274 under the emperor Aurelian.
- Meaning of His Name
- Origin Story
- A State-Supported Deity in The Later Roman Period
- The Cult of Sol Invictus
- The Imperial Radiate Crown
- Sol Invictus’ Association with The Indo-Iranian Deity Mithras
- Sol Versus Sol Invictus
- Constantine The Great and The Cult of Sol Invictus
- The Arch of Constantine
- Sol Invicto Comti
Sol Invictus is a Latin phrase that means “Unconquered Sun”, with invictus being the Latin word for “unconquered” or “invincible”, while sol was simply “sun”. It must be noted that Romans used the epithet “invictus” for many traditional state deities like Apollo, Mars, Silvanus, and Jupiter.
It is likely that the deity emerged from Syrian sun deities Sol Elagablus or Šams. Those deities were the patron deities of Palmyra and Emesa, respectively. Steadily, Sol Invictus became the most important deity to emerge from Rome’s eastern province.
It is often stated that the worship of Sol Invictus became prominent because it received the support of Roman elites and the Roman rulers of the later Roman Empire. For example, in the early 3rd century, Roman emperor Elagabaluswent to great lengths to package his patron deity Elagabal as the Roman sun god Sol. Prior to becoming emperor, Elagablus,...
The cult of Sol Invictus emerged during the 3rd century AD, and was particularly popular among Roman soldiers. The cult was officially recognized by the Emperor Aurelian in 274 AD. It’s been stated that the annual festival of Sol Invictus, known as the “Dies Natalis Solis Invicti,” was celebrated on December 25th. The celebration of Sol Invictus on...
The imperial radiate crown was associated to the cult of Sol and the cult of Sol Invictus. This practice dated back to the 1st century, featuring on artworks of emperors like Julio-Claudian rulers like Augustus and Nero. It was common in the 3rd century for Roman emperors to show their portraits with the radiate crown. Those images often appeared o...
The Mithraic mysteriesor the Cult of Mithras in the Roman Empire centered on the sun/light deity Mithras, who in turn was inspired by the Zoroastrian deity of light/sun Mithra. In many of their underground temples, the images of Mithras is depicted alongside Sol. In those artworks, Mithras can be seen slaughtering a bull and thereafter banqueting w...
Sol Invictus was one of two sun deities during the Roman period. The first sun deity was Sol (also known as Sol Indiges), who was the personification of the Sun. Although prominent as far back as the early Roman Republic era, the worship of Sol gradually faded. It was only in the later Roman Empire that his cult was revived as Sol Invictus. This re...
Just before his final showdown with Maxentius at the Battle of Milvian Bridge in 312, Constantine had a vision of a radiant cross above the sun with the words “In hoc signo vinces”. The words are Latin for “by this sign conquer”. The emperor would go on to paint those words on his shield. And after the victory over Maxentius, Constantine would cred...
It’s been said that Roman emperors like Elagabalus, Aurelian and even Constantine the Great adopted the worship of Sol Invictus as a means to boost their imperial power and legitimacy. In the case of the Emperor Constantine, there were coins minted that described him as the companion of Sol. Also, images of Sol Invictus feature on the Arch of Const...
The depiction of Sol on coins minted by Constantine would continue until around 325. The coins minted often carried the inscription “Sol Invicto Comti”, which means “Committed to the Invincible Sun”. It means that the practice continued even after Constantine had made the practice of Christianity legal in Rome in 313 AD. On March 7, 321, Constantin...
Nov 23, 2023 · The worship of Sol Invictus held a significant place in the hearts and minds of the people in Rome. In this article we delve into the origins, attributes, and cultural impact of Sol Invictus, shedding light on a deity whose radiance endured through much of Roman history.
May 29, 2023 · At the center of this framework, historians argue, is Sol Invictus, a Sabine-Arab Sun god whose role in Roman society was eventually supplanted by Jesus Christ. The origins of Sol Invictus. Roman...
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Oct 25, 2016 · The god of the Unconquered Sun, Sol Invictus, was the official sun god of the later Empire of Rome. The Emperor Aurelian reintroduced the sun god and cult in 274 AD.
