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The Scientific Method. The scientific method is a paradigm on which all modern science is based. To a practicing scientist, the scientific method is more a way of thinking than a set of procedures to be followed. It is a powerful tool for acquiring new knowledge about the physical world and is often described in a series of steps.
- Research Methods in Biology- Exam 1 Flashcards - Quizlet
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- Biology - Scientific Method Flashcards - Quizlet
the group that does not receive the experimental treatment....
- Research Methods in Biology- Exam 1 Flashcards - Quizlet
Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Biology is an ____ and ____ field, Biology is an enormous and diverse field of inquiry with many ____-____. Topics of biology range from molecular biology to genetics, physiology, and ecology. Each sub-division of biology has specialized tools, techniques, language, journals, meetings, etc.., The basic principles of scientific ...
the group that does not receive the experimental treatment. The measurable effect, outcome, or response in which the research is interested. A particular preference or point of view that is personal, rather than scientific. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Scientific Method, Hypothesis, control group and more.
Used to automate the DNA sequencing process. Genetics, Molecular biology. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Used to detect the presence of a ligand (commonly a protein) in a liquid sample using antibodies directed against the protein to be measure. Biochemistry, Molecular biology. Gene knockout.
- The nature of biology
- Properties of life
- Scientific methodology
- Scientific method example: Failure to toast
- Experimental design
- Reducing errors and bias
- Communicating findings
- Things to remember
Biology is the branch of science concerned with the study of living things, or organisms. Biologists have identified traits common to all the living organisms that we know. Although nonliving things may show some of these properties, in order for something to be considered living, it must meet all of them.
1.Organization: Living things are highly organized (meaning they contain specialized, coordinated parts) and are made up of one or more cells.
2.Metabolism: Living things must use energy and consume nutrients to carry out the chemical reactions that sustain life. The sum total of the biochemical reactions occurring in an organism is called its metabolism.
3.Homeostasis: Living organisms regulate their internal environment to maintain the relatively narrow range of conditions needed for cell function.
4.Growth: Living organisms undergo regulated growth. Individual cells become larger in size, and multicellular organisms accumulate many cells through cell division.
5.Reproduction: Living organisms can reproduce themselves to create new organisms.
6.Response: Living organisms respond to stimuli or changes in their environment.
The scientific method involves making observations and asking questions.
Scientists form hypotheses based on these observations and then develop controlled experiments to collecting and analyze data. Using this data, they are able to draw conclusions and form questions for new scientific research.
And the result is:
Left panel: My bread toasts! Hypothesis is supported. Right panel: My bread still won't toast. Hypothesis is not supported.
Experimentation is the heart of science. Scientists ask questions, gather evidence, share ideas, and analyze data.
In designing an experiment, the specific question (or questions) that the experiment is meant to answer must first be clearly identified. The independent variable and dependent variable must also be identified, since the goal of a designed experiment is to understand how one variable affects another.
It is important to design an experiment that leads to the most accurate results possible.
Scientists generally aim to be objective, but they are people and have their own likes, dislikes, and personal biases. Because of this, scientific data may be interpreted in different ways by different scientists.
Some ways to avoid this include:
•Having a large sample size in the experiment: This helps to account for any small differences among the test subjects that may provide unexpected results.
•Repeating experimental trials multiple times: Errors may result from slight differences in test subjects, or mistakes in methodology or data collection. Repeating trials helps reduce those effects.
•Including all data points: Sometimes it is tempting to throw away data points that are inconsistent with the proposed hypothesis. However, this makes for an inaccurate study! All data points need to be included, whether they support the hypothesis or not.
In order for research to be accepted, it must be shared within the scientific community. Scientists often collaborate in groups and communicate research with other groups. This communication must follow specific guidelines to make sure that the communication is appropriate.
Publishing research findings in peer-reviewed scientific journals allows scientists to share ideas, and provides other scientists with the opportunity to evaluate and test the data analysis provided.
•A hypothesis is not necessarily the right explanation. Instead, it is a possible explanation that can be tested to see if it is likely correct, or if a new hypothesis needs to be made.
•Not all explanations can be considered a hypothesis. A hypothesis must be testable and falsifiable in order to be valid. For example, “The universe is beautiful" is not a good hypothesis, because there is no experiment that could test this statement and show it to be false.
•In most cases, the scientific method is an iterative process. In other words, it's a cycle rather than a straight line. The result of one experiment often becomes feedback that raises questions for more experimentation.
•Scientists use the word "theory" in a very different way than non-scientists. When many people say "I have a theory," they really mean "I have a guess." Scientific theories, on the other hand, are well-tested and highly reliable scientific explanations of natural phenomena. They unify many repeated observations and data collected from lots of experiments.
Oct 31, 2023 · The scientific method can be applied to almost all fields of study as a logical, rational, problem-solving method. Figure 1.3.1 1.3. 1: Sir Francis Bacon: Sir Francis Bacon (1561–1626) is credited with being the first to define the scientific method. The scientific process typically starts with an observation (often a problem to be solved ...
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Your Methods Section contextualizes the results of your study, giving editors, reviewers and readers alike the information they need to understand and interpret your work. Your methods are key to establishing the credibility of your study, along with your data and the results themselves. A complete methods section should provide enough detail for a skilled researcher to replicate your process ...
