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Infectious Diseases. Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi. These diseases can spread from the environment or from one person to another resulting in illness in our communities. We provide public health workers with expertise, support and resources for the prevention and ...
- Blood Borne Infections
Blood borne infections (BBIs) are viruses that are carried...
- Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases
Health Care-Associated Infections Carbapenemase-Producing...
- Respiratory Diseases
Respiratory diseases are caused by organisms such as viruses...
- Enteric Diseases and Food-Borne Diseases
Enteric diseases are caused by micro-organisms such as...
- Blood Borne Infections
Oct 24, 2016 · The 1997 Dahlem Workshop on the Eradication of Infectious Diseases defined a continuum of outcomes due to public health interventions targeting infectious diseases: “1) control, the reduction of disease incidence, prevalence, morbidity or mortality to a locally acceptable level as a result of deliberate efforts; continued intervention measures are required to maintain the reduction (e.g ...
- Jean Maguire van Seventer, Natasha S. Hochberg
- 10.1016/B978-0-12-803678-5.00516-6
- 2017
- 2017
Apr 12, 2019 · Acheson’s influential definition from 1988 asserts that public health is ‘the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting human health through organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals’ (Acheson 1988); it effectively captures that public ...
- Jason L Cabaj, Jason L Cabaj, Richard Musto, William A Ghali
- 2019
Nov 29, 2021 · The basics of public health during infectious disease outbreaks aim to identify the pathogen and those exposed to it, monitor spread in the community, break chains of transmission, and communicate risk to the public.1 Public health activities, particularly those embedded within routine health service delivery, are crucial to identifying signals, such as unusual disease, that indicate an ...
- Victoria Haldane, Anne-Sophie Jung, Chuan De Foo, Mathias Bonk, Margaret Jamieson, Shishi Wu, Monica...
- 2021
- Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
- Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases
- Tobacco Control
- Maternal and Infant Health
- Motor-Vehicle Safety
- Cardiovascular-disease Prevention
- Occupational Safety
- Cancer Prevention
- Childhood Lead-Poisoning Prevention
- Public Health Preparedness and Response
The decade saw substantial declines in cases, hospitalizations, deaths, and health-care costs associated with vaccine-preventable diseases. New vaccines (i.e., rotavirus, quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate, herpes zoster, pneumococcal conjugate, and human papillomavirus vaccines, as well as tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine for...
Improvements in state and local public health infrastructure along with innovative and targeted prevention efforts yielded significant progress in controlling infectious diseases. Examples include a 30% reduction from 2001 to 2010 in reported U.S. tuberculosis cases and a 58% decline from 2001 to 2009 in central line–associated blood stream infecti...
Since publication of the first Surgeon General’s Report on tobacco in 1964, implementation of evidence-based policies and interventions by federal, state, and local public health authorities has reduced tobacco use significantly. By 2009, 20.6% of adults and 19.5% of youths were current smokers, compared with 23.5% of adults and 34.8% of youths 10 ...
The past decade has seen significant reductions in the number of infants born with neural tube defects (NTDs) and expansion of screening of newborns for metabolic and other heritable disorders. Mandatory folic acid fortification of cereal grain products labeled as enriched in the United States beginning in 1998 contributed to a 36% reduction in NTD...
Motor vehicle crashes are among the top 10 causes of death for U.S. residents of all ages and the leading cause of death for persons aged 5–34 years. In terms of years of potential life lost before age 65, motor vehicle crashes ranked third in 2007, behind only cancer and heart disease, and account for an estimated $99 billion in medical and lost w...
Heart disease and stroke have been the first and third leading causes of death in the United States since 1921 and 1938, respectively. Preliminary data from 2009 indicate that stroke is now the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. During the past decade, the age-adjusted coronary heart disease and stroke death rates declined from 195...
Significant progress was made in improving working conditions and reducing the risk for workplace-associated injuries. For example, patient lifting has been a substantial cause of low back injuries among the 1.8 million U.S. health-care workers in nursing care and residential facilities. In the late 1990s, an evaluation of a best practices patient-...
Evidence-based screening recommendations have been established to reduce mortality from colorectal cancer and female breast and cervical cancer. Several interventions inspired by these recommendations have improved cancer screening rates. Through the collaborative efforts of federal, state, and local health agencies, professional clinician societie...
In 2000, childhood lead poisoning remained a major environmental public health problem in the United States, affecting children from all geographic areas and social and economic levels. Black children and those living in poverty and in old, poorly maintained housing were disproportionately affected. In 1990, five states had comprehensive lead poiso...
After the international and domestic terrorist actions of 2001 highlighted gaps in the nation’s public health preparedness, tremendous improvements have been made. In the first half of the decade, efforts were focused primarily on expanding the capacity of the public health system to respond (e.g., purchasing supplies and equipment). In the second ...
determinant: factor that contributes to the generation of a trait. epidemic or outbreak: occurrence in a community or region of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-related event clearly in excess of normal expectancy. Both terms are used interchangeably; however, epidemic usually refers to a larger geographic ...
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3 days ago · public health, the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical and mental health, sanitation, personal hygiene, control of infectious diseases, and organization of health services. From the normal human interactions involved in dealing with the many problems of social life, there has emerged a recognition of ...
