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We can use the VSEPR model to predict the geometry of most polyatomic molecules and ions by focusing only on the number of electron pairs around the central atom, ignoring all other valence electrons present.
- Artificial Sweeteners
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- The Mathematics of Chemistry
These are homework exercises to accompany Chapter 2 of the...
- Artificial Sweeteners
- What Is Molecular Geometry?
- Table of Contents
- Determination of Molecular Geometry
- Types of Molecular Geometry.
- Regular and Irregular Geometry of Molecule
The study of the three-dimensional arrangement of the atoms that constitute a molecule is called Molecular geometry. Molecular geometry gives information about the general shape of the molecule as well as bond lengths, bond angles, torsional angles and any other geometrical parameters that determine the position of each atom. In covalent molecules ...
The molecular geometry can be determined by various spectroscopic methods and diffraction methods. IR, microwave and Raman spectroscopy can give information about the molecule geometry from the details of the vibrational and rotational absorbance detected by these techniques. X-ray crystallography, neutron diffraction and electron diffraction can g...
(i) Linear molecular geometry:
1. In this structure two molecules are attached to the central atom. So they arranged in the opposite direction in order to minimize their repulsion. 2. The bond angle of this structure is 1800. 3. Example: BeCl2, MgCl2etc.
(ii) Trigonal planar molecular geometry:
1. In this type of molecule, we find three molecules attached to a central atom. So they are arranged toward the corners of an equilateral trianglein order to minimize their repulsion. 2. The bond angle of this structure is 1200. 3. Example: BF3, BCl3, AlF3etc.
(iii) Tetrahedral molecular geometry:
1. In a tetrahedral molecular geometry, a central atom is located at the center with four substituents that are located at the corners of a tetrahedron. 2. The bond angle of the structure is 109028’. 3. Example: CH4, CCl4etc.
On the basis of VSEPR theory, the covalent molecules have two types of geometries which are regular and irregular in nature.
Jan 23, 2021 · These are homework exercises to accompany Chapter 2 of the Furman University's LibreText for CHE 101 - Chemistry and Global Awareness. Mathematics is used widely in chemistry and are absolutely necessary to explore important concepts in chemistry.
- Valence-Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion Theory. Now that we have a background in the Lewis electron dot structure we can use it to locate the the valence electrons of the center atom.
- VSEPR Notation. As stated above, molecular geometry and electron-group geometry are the same when there are no lone pairs. The VSEPR notation for these molecules are AX"A" represents the central atom and n represents the number of bonds with the central atom.
- Molecules with More than One Central Atom. The VSEPR theory not only applies to one central atom, but it applies to molecules with more than one central atom.
- Bond Angles. Bond angles also contribute to the shape of a molecule. Bond angles are the angles between adjacent lines representing bonds. The bond angle can help differentiate between linear, trigonal planar, tetraheral, trigonal-bipyramidal, and octahedral.
Molecular geometries are studied in this chapter: molecular shape, VSEPR theory, VSEPR notation, electron-domain geometry vs. molecular geometry, common geometries, lone pair effect, deviation from ideal bond angles, polarity of molecules.
- July 23, 2025
- September 9, 2020
Molecular geometry is vital in chemistry to determine a substance’s physical and chemical properties, like color, reactivity, polarity, and state of matter. VSEPR Theory and Molecular Geometry. Molecular geometry is generally studied using the VSEPR theory, an abbreviation for v alence s hell e lectron p air r epulsion.
Key Points. Linear: a simple triatomic molecule of the type AX2 AX 2; its two bonding orbitals are 180° apart. Trigonal planar: triangular and in one plane, with bond angles of 120°.
