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  1. Jul 12, 2023 · In our study of organic chemistry, it will become extremely important to be able to quickly recognize the most common functional groups, because they are the key structural elements that define how organic molecules react.

    • 26.2: Alkanes

      Preparation of Alkanes. An important way to generate alkanes...

  2. Organic matter, organic material, or natural organic matter refers to the large source of carbon-based compounds found within natural and engineered, terrestrial, and aquatic environments. It is matter composed of organic compounds that have come from the feces and remains of organisms such as plants and animals. [1]

  3. The simplest organic compounds are the hydrocarbons, which contain only carbon and hydrogen. Alkanes contain only carbon–hydrogen and carbon–carbon single bonds, alkenes contain at least one carbon–carbon double bond, and alkynes contain one or more carbon–carbon triple bonds.

  4. Define organic chemistry. Identify organic molecules as alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, or carboxylic acids. Organic chemistry is the study of the chemistry of carbon compounds.

    • Structure and bonding. Dot structures: Structure and bonding Hybridization: Structure and bonding Bond-line structures: Structure and bonding. Electronegativity: Structure and bonding.
    • Resonance and acid-base chemistry. Counting electrons: Resonance and acid-base chemistry Resonance structures: Resonance and acid-base chemistry Organic acid-base chemistry: Resonance and acid-base chemistry.
    • Alkanes, cycloalkanes, and functional groups. Naming alkanes: Alkanes, cycloalkanes, and functional groups Naming alkanes, cycloalkanes, and bicyclic compounds: Alkanes, cycloalkanes, and functional groups Conformations of alkanes : Alkanes, cycloalkanes, and functional groups.
    • Stereochemistry. Chirality : Stereochemistry Enantiomers: Stereochemistry Stereoisomeric relationships: Stereochemistry.
  5. Four elements, hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen, are the major components of most organic compounds. Consequently, our understanding of organic chemistry must have, as a foundation, an appreciation of the electronic structure and properties of these elements.

  6. Today, organic compounds are key components of plastics, soaps, perfumes, sweeteners, fabrics, pharmaceuticals, and many other substances that we use every day. The value to us of organic compounds ensures that organic chemistry is an important discipline within the general field of chemistry.

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