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Trait, behavioural, situational and new leadership
- It explores four main eras in leadership theory: trait, behavioural, situational and new leadership.
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The present paper explores the historical evolution of leadership theory, which includes four main eras: trait, behavioural, situational and new leadership. The focus was initially on natural born leaders and identifying the traits of the effective leader.
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Aug 1, 2020 · The last century saw an evolution of leadership theories grouped into four eras (Daft, 2008). The first era featured ‘Great Person Leadership’ theories, which saw innate characteristics and traits as the key to leadership success.
- Great Man Theory
- Trait Theory
- Behavioural Theories
- Associated Theories
- Contingency Theories
- Transactional Leadership Theories
- Transformational Leadership Theories
The Great Man theory evolved around the mid 19th century. Even though no one was able to identify with any scientific certainty, which human characteristic or combination of, were responsible for identifying great leaders. Everyone recognized that just as the name suggests; only a man could have the characteristic (s) of a great leader. The Great M...
The trait leadership theory believes that people are either born or are made with certain qualities that will make them excel in leadership roles. That is, certain qualities such as intelligence, sense of responsibility, creativity and other values puts anyone in the shoes of a good leader. In fact, Gordon Allport, an American psychologist,"...iden...
In reaction to the trait leadership theory, the behavioural theories are offering a new perspective, one that focuses on the behaviours of the leaders as opposed to their mental, physical or social characteristics. Thus, with the evolutions in psychometrics, notably the factor analysis, researchers were able to measure the cause an effects relation...
The Contingency Leadership theory argues that there is no single way of leading and that every leadership style should be based on certain situations, which signifies that there are certain people who perform at the maximum level in certain places; but at minimal performance when taken out of their element. To a certain extent contingency leadershi...
Transactional theories, also known as exchange theories of leadership, are characterized by a transaction made between the leader and the followers. In fact, the theory values a positive and mutually beneficial relationship. For the transactional theories to be effective and as a result have motivational value, the leader must find a means to align...
The Transformational Leadership theory states that this process is by which a person interacts with others and is able to create a solid relationship that results in a high percentage of trust, that will later result in an increase of motivation, both intrinsic and extrinsic, in both leaders and followers. The essence of transformational theories i...
Oct 29, 2023 · In this article, we will explore four prominent leadership theories: the Trait Theory, Behavioral Theory, Contingency Theory, and Full-Range Leadership Model, shedding...
Hersey and Blanchard proposed a leadership model that identifies four leadership styles - delegating, supporting, coaching, and directing - and suggests that leaders should adapt their style based on the maturity of their subordinates and the requirements of the situation.
This subsection, therefore, chronicles the development of leadership theories (presented graphically in Figure 8.1) over ten leadership eras and periods. The model recognizes the order in which leadership theories developed.
The present paper traces the historical evolution of the main leadership theories and reviews the progress that has been made over the years. It explores four main eras in leadership theory: trait, behavioural, situational and new leadership.
