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- It explores four main eras in leadership theory: trait, behavioural, situational and new leadership.
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The present paper explores the historical evolution of leadership theory, which includes four main eras: trait, behavioural, situational and new leadership. The focus was initially on natural born leaders and identifying the traits of the effective leader.
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Aug 1, 2020 · The first era featured ‘Great Person Leadership’ theories, which saw innate characteristics and traits as the key to leadership success. The second era featured ‘Rational Management’ theories, which focused on behavioral and contingency models.
The present paper traces the historical evolution of the main leadership theories and reviews the progress that has been made over the years. It explores four main eras in leadership theory: trait, behavioural, situational and new leadership.
- Pre-Twentieth Century
- Leadership in The Twentieth Century
- Early Twentieth Century: Scientific Management and Trait Theory
- The Turn of The Twenty-First Century
- Democratisation
As far back as 380 BC, Plato argued in his Republic that those best suited to leadership were those with the greatest knowledge. They were the philosopher kings and their attributes made them effective. These included wisdom, truthfulness, justice, gentleness and a love of learning. Some 1900 years on from this ‘classic’ view of leadership, Machiav...
There appears to have been six distinct phases in the history of thinking about leaders in the twentieth century. Scholars from very different disciplines—from history and political science to psychology and sociology—have added their particular slant to try to understand the dynamics of leadership (Table 1.2). We will describe these approaches in ...
In the early twentieth century, over a century after the start of the industrial revolution, the impact of science and engineering was enormous. Its principles and applications seemed limitless and the engineer Frederick Winslow Taylor suggested a theory of the ‘scientific management’ of businesses. In many respects, this was a theory of leadership...
Keith Grint (2000) proposed that leadership is more of an art than a science. He proposed four different kinds of arts that described fundamental leadership contributions addressing the who, what, how and why questions leaders have to answer: 1. The Philosophical Arts answer questions of identity (key question: who are we?) 2. The Fine Arts answer ...
It is not just the role of vision that changes over time, however, in the power-shift we have described. There is also a shift in decision-making. Indeed, we argue that through the twentieth century, a power-shift in decision-making has occurred that we dubbed the democratisation of leadership. Here, we see three distinct phases of twentieth-centur...
- David Pendleton, Adrian Furnham
- 2012
Feb 28, 2019 · Understanding the ideals of leadership that help identify great leaders requires a reexamination of the historical evolution of leadership theories and principles.
Influence Era. The Influence Era improved on the Personality Era by recognizing that leadership is a relationship between individuals and not a characteristic of the solitary leader. It addressed aspects of power and influence and comprises the Power Relations Period and the Per-suasion Period.
Apr 1, 1990 · In this article, Albert S King uses a developmental perspective to create an evolutionary tree of leadership theory. He identifies nine evolutionary eras with researchers in each era focusing on a specific theme of leadership.
