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Trait, behavioural, situational and new leadership
- It explores four main eras in leadership theory: trait, behavioural, situational and new leadership.
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The present paper explores the historical evolution of leadership theory, which includes four main eras: trait, behavioural, situational and new leadership. The focus was initially on natural born leaders and identifying the traits of the effective leader.
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The three most noteworthy theories of this era are the Contingency Theory (Fiedler, 1964,1967), the Path-Goal Theory (Evans, 1970; House, 1971; House and Mitchell, 1974) and the Normative Theory (Vroom and Yetton, 1973; Vroom and Jago, 1988).
We begin by examining authentic leadership and its development, followed by work that takes a cognitive science approach. We then examine new-genre leadership theories, complexity leadership, and leadership that is shared, collective, or distributed.
The Theory of Leadership to the importance of emotional intelligence for effective leadership (e.g., Wolff, Pescosolido, and Druskat, 2002; Wong and Law, 2002).
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- Pre-Twentieth Century
- Leadership in The Twentieth Century
- Early Twentieth Century: Scientific Management and Trait Theory
- The Turn of The Twenty-First Century
- Democratisation
As far back as 380 BC, Plato argued in his Republic that those best suited to leadership were those with the greatest knowledge. They were the philosopher kings and their attributes made them effective. These included wisdom, truthfulness, justice, gentleness and a love of learning. Some 1900 years on from this ‘classic’ view of leadership, Machiav...
There appears to have been six distinct phases in the history of thinking about leaders in the twentieth century. Scholars from very different disciplines—from history and political science to psychology and sociology—have added their particular slant to try to understand the dynamics of leadership (Table 1.2). We will describe these approaches in ...
In the early twentieth century, over a century after the start of the industrial revolution, the impact of science and engineering was enormous. Its principles and applications seemed limitless and the engineer Frederick Winslow Taylor suggested a theory of the ‘scientific management’ of businesses. In many respects, this was a theory of leadership...
Keith Grint (2000) proposed that leadership is more of an art than a science. He proposed four different kinds of arts that described fundamental leadership contributions addressing the who, what, how and why questions leaders have to answer: 1. The Philosophical Arts answer questions of identity (key question: who are we?) 2. The Fine Arts answer ...
It is not just the role of vision that changes over time, however, in the power-shift we have described. There is also a shift in decision-making. Indeed, we argue that through the twentieth century, a power-shift in decision-making has occurred that we dubbed the democratisation of leadership. Here, we see three distinct phases of twentieth-centur...
- David Pendleton, Adrian Furnham
- 2012
In this article, Albert S King uses a developmental perspective to create an evolutionary tree of leadership theory. He identifies nine evolutionary eras with researchers in each era focusing on a specific theme of leadership.
Nov 3, 2014 · Abstract. Leadership is the process of influencing others in a manner that enhances their contribution to the realization of group goals. We demonstrate how social influence emerges from psychological in-group members, particularly highly in-group prototypical ones.
