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May 30, 2024 · Elaborated Speech Code. The elaborated speech code is characterized by its use of explicit, detailed, and context-free language. It employs a wide vocabulary and complex sentence structures, allowing for nuanced expression and abstract thinking. Elaborated speech codes are typically associated with the middle and upper classes.
Basil Bernstein (1924–2000) was a linguist and researcher at the Institute of Education, University of London, who put the case that the form of language use of working class (who speak a ‘restricted code’) as contrasted with middle class students (who speak an ‘elaborated code’), in part explained their comparative performance at school.
Bernstein's elaborated and restricted code refer to two different styles of language use. Elaborated code is characterized by a wider vocabulary and more complex sentence structures, often used in formal or academic settings. In contrast, restricted code involves simpler language and is typically used in informal or familiar contexts.
His theory of language code officially came out in 1971 with his book Class, Codes and Control, where he explained the terms Restricted and Elaborated code. The term “code” refers to the guiding principles that govern the procedures for associating, selecting, and organizing speech by individuals. (Bernstein, 1962) Therefore, it stands to ...
- Speech Patterns
- Speech Patterns and Educational Attainment
- Evaluations of Bernstein
Basil Bernstein (1) developed the theory that there are two different types of speech patterns, or speech codes: the restricted code and the elaborated code, the later having a wider vocabulary and more complex grammatical structures than the former. He theorised that the working classes were largely limited to speaking in the restricted code, whil...
Formal education is conducted in the elaborated speech code, so working class kids are automatically at a disadvantage compared to middle class kids. The elaborated code is necessary to make generalizations and to be able to understand higher order concepts. Bernstein found that middle class children were much more able to classify things such as f...
His concept of social class is too vague. Sometimes he refers to the working class, others he talks about the lower working class. He also puts all non-manual workers into ‘middle class’ thus ignoring variation between the middle classes. Bernstein also provides only limited examples of the two types of speech code. He does not make a convincing ca...
The restricted code example uses less specific language and notes fewer details, whereas the elaborated code is more detailed and specific. The restricted code answer sounds more casual, whereas the elaborated code version sounds more formal. When reading the elaborated code answer, you can tell what the pictures are about without seeing them.
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What are elaborated and restricted speech codes?
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What is an elaborated language code?
The elaborated code was said to be used in relatively formal, educated situations, permitting people to be reasonably creative in their expression and to use a range of linguistic alternatives. It was thought to be characterized by a fairly high proportion of such features as subordinate clauses, adjectives, the pronoun I and passives.
