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Propagation of light through a slit demonstrates wave properties. Cancellation and addition of diffracted waves results in striped pattern in contrast to what would be expected by particles.
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The reflection and transmission of light at boundaries between dielectric media is an important feature of almost all optical instruments and so we then consider how the physics of wave reflection at boundaries can be engineered to produce surfaces with high or partial reflectivity or even no reflectivity at all.
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If light is a wave, two sources emitting waves in a synchronized fashion1 should produce a pattern of alternating bright and dark bands on a screen. Thomas Young tried the experiment in the early 1800’s, and found the expected pattern. The wave model of light has one serious drawback, though: Unlike other wave phenomena such as
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• Light is the only thing we actually see – e.g. When I “see” you, I am actually seeing light reflected off you. • Light is a transverse wave (recall earlier), whose origin is accelerating electrons, e.g. in the sun • Accelerating electrons not only can produce light, but also radio waves, microwaves, x-rays…. Grouped together as
The first section defines sound and gives a qualitative description of its properties. The speed, period- icity, and intensity of sound waves are defined, and the Doppler effect is introduced.
• Light is an electromagnetic wave. As shown below, an electromagnetic wave is a transverse wave consisting of mutually perpendicular oscillating electric and magnetic fields. Electromagnetic waves are ultimately produced by an accelerating charge.
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What are the characteristics of light in physics?
What happens if light is a wave?
Which optical phenomena can only be explained by the wave properties of light?
How does a slit show wave properties?
Can wave reflection at boundaries be engineered to produce high or partial reflectivity?
What is the Locity of incoming light particles?
the velocity of incoming \light particles" is V. Velocity in physics is a vector { we indicate that by adding a small arrow symbol at the top of V, so it becomes ~V. Now, physics allows us to \decompose" any vector into two per-pendicular components. Let’s make one of those components parallel to the \normal": we call it V x, and its value is V
