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Utilitarianism and rights-based liberalism
- Liberals have given many answers to this question over the years. The two most important are utilitarianism and rights-based liberalism. Utilitarianism, despite the ‘-ism’ suffix, is not a political ideology as such; rather, it is the label we give to a family of ethical theories.
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Nov 28, 1996 · Liberal theories form a broad continuum, from those that constitute full-blown philosophical systems, to those that rely on a full theory of value and the good, to those that rely on a theory of the right (but not the good), all the way to those that seek to be purely political doctrines.
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The two most important are utilitarianism and rights-based liberalism. Utilitarianism, despite the ‘-ism’ suffix, is not a political ideology as such; rather, it is the label we give to a family of ethical theories.
- Gregory Millard, Valérie Vézina
- 2021
Oct 23, 2024 · Liberalism is a political and economic doctrine that emphasizes individual autonomy equality of opportunity, and the protection of individual rights (primarily to life, liberty, and property), originally against the state and later against both the state and private economic actors, including businesses.
- The intellectual founders of liberalism were the English philosopher John Locke (1632–1704), who developed a theory of political authority based on...
- In John Locke’s theory, the consent of the governed was secured through a system of majority rule, whereby the government would carry out the expre...
- Classical liberals (now often called libertarians) regard the state as the primary threat to individual freedom and advocate limiting its powers to...
- Modern liberals are generally willing to experiment with large-scale social change to further their project of protecting and enhancing individual...
Individual contributors to classical liberalism and political liberalism are associated with philosophers of the Enlightenment. Liberalism as a specifically named ideology begins in the late 18th century as a movement towards self-government and away from aristocracy.
John Locke's "Two Treatises on Government" of 1689 established two fundamental liberal ideas: economic liberty (meaning the right to have and use property) and intellectual liberty (including freedom of conscience).
Aug 15, 2013 · The chapter explores the many varieties of liberal thinking that have developed over time, often in parallel. Those include theories of liberty, individualism, and autonomy alongside notions of community, progress, and welfare, some of which intersect, and all involving different degrees of state intervention or restraint.
Nov 28, 1996 · We begin by (1) examining different interpretations of liberalism's core commitment — liberty. We then consider (2) the longstanding debate between the ‘old’ and the ‘new’ liberalism. In section (3) we turn to the more recent controversy about whether liberalism is a ‘comprehensive’ or a ‘political’ doctrine.
