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- The Phonological Principle In human spoken languages, the sound of a word is not defined directly (in terms of mouth gestures and noises). Instead, it is mediated by encoding in terms of a phonological system: A word's pronunciation is defined as a structured combination of a small set of elements
www.ling.upenn.edu/courses/Fall_2019/ling001/phonology.html
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Phonology Lecture #9. TONES AND AUTOSEGMENTAL PHONOLOGY. Review: TONE: a pitch that has a phonemic role (= different meaning!) Tone language: A language in which differences in meaning can be signaled by differences in pitch. e.g., Nupe (spoken in Nigeria) bá (high) ba. ‘be sour’.
This chapter examines the phonology of tone and intonation, starting with tone in sections 7.1–7.9 before proceeding to intonation in sections 7.10–7.12. Issues of tonal crowding shared between tone and intonation systems are addressed in section 7.13.
From a facsimile of the thirteenth-century copy of the Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax, dating back to the mid-fourth century BCE, we know that Dionysus Thrax (second– first century BCE) described these accents in musical terms.
Tone and Intonation are two types of pitch variation, which are used by speakers of many languages in order to give shape to utterances. More specifically, tone encodes morphemes, and intonation gives utterances a further discoursal meaning that is independent of the meanings of the words themselves.
This article examines the first steps in spoken production processing toward this goal. The first section argues for a stage of word form processing that is influenced by lexical factors (reflecting the input to phonological processes) but is not affected by phonetic factors (because these are represented in subsequent processes).
Apr 25, 2023 · When the phonological form of a morpheme consistently gives rise to a specific pattern of fundamental frequency (f0), this morpheme is specified for tone. Languages in which such morphemes are found are referred to as tone languages, even if the extent of this specification is limited.
Mar 20, 2014 · However, it is hypothesized that not all phonological aspects of a word would create the phonological similarity interference in verbal working memory. The present study examines the influence of different phonological characteristics of the to-be-memorized items on participants’ recall performance.
