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phonology: Phonological phenomena are no longer treated as random events. That falling tones are formed before a low tone and not before a high tone is not considered as an accident. A phonological process is expressed by a direct connection of some part of the phonological representation of a neighbouring segment.
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In large domains of theoretical and empirical linguistics, scholarly communication needs are directly comparable to those in analytical and natural sciences. Conspicuously lacking in the inventory publications for linguists, compared to those in the sciences, are concise, single-authored, non-textbook reviews of rapidly evolving areas of inquiry. R...
The question of how the delicate pitch variations that humans can produce are employed in language has been one of the most fascinating topics in phonological and phonetic research at least since Joshua Steele’s Essay towards establishing the Melody and Measure of Speech (Steele 1775), but has developed a particularly fruitful momentum in the past ...
Analogical Lengthening constraint hierarchy (Optimality Theory) Compound Rule digital audiotape Equivalent Rectangular Bandwidth extra-sentential constituent evaluation procedure (Optimality Theory) fundamental frequency Generator (Optimality Theory) hertz Initial Accent Deletion Input–Output (Optimality Theory) Intermediate Phrase Middle High Germ...
Designed as a comprehensive study accessible to the novice and useful for the expert, each chapter covers a particular aspect of tone in increasing depth and complexity, weaving together key concepts and theories that provide complementing or competing accounts of tone's phonological intricacies.
A comprehensive review of tonal phonetics is presented covering the acoustic correlates of tone, contextual tonal variation, methods used in tone production research, as well as recent research topics in tonal phonetics.
Prototypical sound changes involve phonologization, in which a direct link can be found between a change and some automatic phonetic process a precursor. In the examples that follow, it should go without saying that calling changes phonologization does not explain how they happen.
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This chapter examines the typology of tone and intonation. Tone systems are surveyed along several dimensions, including their geographic distribution and positional restrictions, as well as their complexity both cross-linguistically and in terms of language-internal frequency patterns.
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This chapter reviews commonly recurring tendencies in the phonetic realization of tones, both in intonation and in lexical tone systems. It discusses local interactions between tonal targets, such as tonal coarticulation, dissimilatory H-raising, and rightward target displacement.
