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  1. The final piece of information that we use to classify vowels is a little trickier to explain. English makes a distinction between tense and lax vowels, which is a distinction that a lot of other languages don’t have. Tense vowels are made with greater tension in the muscles of the vocal tract than lax vowels.

    • Catherine Anderson
    • 2018
  2. Lax vowels are often represented by a single vowel letter, while tense vowels are frequently represented by vowel digraphs or combinations of letters. For example, the lax vowel /ɪ/ is typically represented by the letter "i" in words like "sit" or "bit." In contrast, the tense vowel /iː/ is represented by the vowel digraph "ee" in words like ...

    • The Dimensions For Vowels
    • Rounding
    • Glides and Diphthongs

    Height and frontness/backness

    The most important property in the traditional classificationscheme for vowels is the highest point reached by the bodyof the tongue, on both the front/back and high/low dimensions.Vowels are conventionally arranged on a two-dimensionaldiagram, where the vertical dimension indicates the distanceof the tongue body from the roof of the mouth, and where thehorizontal dimension indicates the forward or backwarddisplacement of the tongue body (with left representingfurther forward). The four vowel...

    Tense/lax

    We can distinguish most English vowels from each other interms of the high/mid/low dimension and thefront/central/back dimension. But the chart above stillhas four cells which contain two full (non-schwa) vowelsapiece. So far we have no way to tell apart the followingfour pairs of vowels: 1. [i] and [ɪ] 2. [e] and [ɛ] 3. [u] and [ʊ] 4. [o] and [ɔ] In each pair, one of the vowels is higher and less centralized(further front if a front vowel, further back if a back vowel),while the other is low...

    There is another important difference among the vowels ofEnglish. When you say [u], your lips are rounded. Whenyou say [i], your lips are spread. Vowels can becategorized according to whether they are roundedor unrounded. In English, the mid and high backvowels are rounded, the front and central vowels unrounded. 1. [u], [ʊ], [o], [ɔ] 2. [i], [ɪ], ...

    Glides

    When the tongue body is pushed up and forward for the highfront vowel [i], it ends up underneath the hard palate.If we were to try to classify [i] as if it were aconsonant, we would have to call it a voiced palatalapproximant: the vocal tract is made narrower by the tonguebody approaching the hard palate, but not close enough tocause a turbulent airstream. But we already have a symbol,[j], for a voiced palatal approximant. In fact, there is very little real difference between[i] and [j]. Both...

    Diphthongs

    Three of the English vowels introducedearlierrequired a sequence of two IPA symbols:[aj], [aw], and[ɔj].This might seem like a violation of the principle that thereshould be a one-to-one relationship between sounds andIPA symbols. But we can now see why[aj], [aw], and [ɔj] do not really act as single, simple vowels. For a vowel like [ɑ],the tongue body moves into a low and back position andremains there for the duration of the vowel. During[aj], on the other hand, the tongue body does not rem...

  3. Mar 18, 2024 · Both of them have a high front tongue position and are unrounded, but the beat vowel is tense, while the bit vowel is lax. Similarly, the vowels of the English words bait and bet are both front, mid, and unrounded, but the bait vowel is tense, while the bet vowel is lax. Thus, for languages like English, the tense/lax terminology is often ...

  4. This is shown in the table below. There are a number of differences between these two classes of vowels. First, lax vowels tend to be centralized, i.e. pronounced closer to /ə/ than tense vowels. Second, lax vowels tend to be monophthongal, while tense vowels tend to be diphthongal. That is, even for GA /iː, uː, eɪ, oʊ/, the tongue tends ...

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  6. Other details and charts in the reading are there to help you understand this central information Goal: Know all of the symbols and descriptions for the vowels in Figure 2.11 (CL p 42) We will describe vowels using the following four. phonetic properties: height. backness. rounding. tense/lax.

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